[Relevant aspects of Candida species in dermatology : An overview].

Abstract

Candida species are opportunistic yeasts that form part of the normal human microbiota. Under certain conditions, such as immunosuppression, alterations in the microbiota, or disruption of the skin barrier, these commensals may become pathogenic and lead to clinically relevant infection. Candida (C.) albicans plays a central role in skin and mucosal infections, while other species, such as Nakaseomyces (N.) glabratus (formerly known as Candida glabratus) and C. auris, are increasingly gaining clinical significance. The most common Candida infections affect the skin and mucosal membranes; however, under predisposing factors, the pathogen can enter the bloodstream, leading to septicemia with organ involvement. In this context, multidrug-resistant pathogens, particularly C. auris, pose an escalating threat to public health. Diagnosis of Candida species is generally performed using conventional microbiological techniques, including cultures and microscopy, as well as advanced molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Given the rising rates of resistance and the associated therapeutic challenges, accurate species identification and resistance profiling prior to antifungal treatment are critical. Preventive measures, especially for high-risk populations, are crucial to reduce the incidence of Candida infections. While many superficial Candida infections can be managed with hygiene practices and topical antifungal treatments, invasive candidiasis necessitates close collaboration between microbiology, pharmacology, and infectious disease specialists to ensure optimal patient care.