{"title":"Priming for protection: inducible attachment-resistance to ectoparasitic mites in <i>Drosophila</i>.","authors":"Ashley L Webster, Michal Polak","doi":"10.1017/S0031182025100437","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ectoparasites are ubiquitous and are often harmful to host fitness. Whereas protective responses to ectoparasitism in vertebrate hosts are well documented, our understanding of such defences in invertebrates remains limited. Here, we examined attachment-resistance in adult <i>Drosophila</i> to their naturally co-occurring ectoparasitic mites, <i>Gamasodes pachysetis</i> (Parasitidae). Significant differences in mite attachment duration were documented among 6 species of <i>Drosophila</i>, providing evidence for interspecific differentiation in attachment-resistance. Experiments with <i>D. malerkotliana</i>, a species exhibiting a relatively high rate of mite detachment, revealed that pre-infesting flies significantly reduced mite attachment duration compared to naïve controls, indicating a priming effect. In contrast, a reduction in attachment duration was not observed in <i>D. malerkotliana</i> after experimentally wounding the abdominal cuticle. These results suggest that the priming effect is not simply a response to cuticle damage, and that its activation may depend on mite-specific factors. Eight genes were individually tested for their effects on the rate of mite detachment from adult flies by deploying the GAL4-UAS gene knockdown system in <i>D. melanogaster</i>. Knockdown of heat shock protein 70Ba (Hsp70Ba) and prophenoloxidase 2 (PPO2), which underlie general stress and melanization responses, respectively, significantly prolonged mite attachment duration, implicating their involvement in host attachment-resistance to mites. Together the results support the existence of inducible protective mechanisms mediating parasitism by mites in a naturally occurring invertebrate host-ectoparasite symbiosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Parasitology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182025100437","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PARASITOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Ectoparasites are ubiquitous and are often harmful to host fitness. Whereas protective responses to ectoparasitism in vertebrate hosts are well documented, our understanding of such defences in invertebrates remains limited. Here, we examined attachment-resistance in adult Drosophila to their naturally co-occurring ectoparasitic mites, Gamasodes pachysetis (Parasitidae). Significant differences in mite attachment duration were documented among 6 species of Drosophila, providing evidence for interspecific differentiation in attachment-resistance. Experiments with D. malerkotliana, a species exhibiting a relatively high rate of mite detachment, revealed that pre-infesting flies significantly reduced mite attachment duration compared to naïve controls, indicating a priming effect. In contrast, a reduction in attachment duration was not observed in D. malerkotliana after experimentally wounding the abdominal cuticle. These results suggest that the priming effect is not simply a response to cuticle damage, and that its activation may depend on mite-specific factors. Eight genes were individually tested for their effects on the rate of mite detachment from adult flies by deploying the GAL4-UAS gene knockdown system in D. melanogaster. Knockdown of heat shock protein 70Ba (Hsp70Ba) and prophenoloxidase 2 (PPO2), which underlie general stress and melanization responses, respectively, significantly prolonged mite attachment duration, implicating their involvement in host attachment-resistance to mites. Together the results support the existence of inducible protective mechanisms mediating parasitism by mites in a naturally occurring invertebrate host-ectoparasite symbiosis.
期刊介绍:
Parasitology is an important specialist journal covering the latest advances in the subject. It publishes original research and review papers on all aspects of parasitology and host-parasite relationships, including the latest discoveries in parasite biochemistry, molecular biology and genetics, ecology and epidemiology in the context of the biological, medical and veterinary sciences. Included in the subscription price are two special issues which contain reviews of current hot topics, one of which is the proceedings of the annual Symposia of the British Society for Parasitology, while the second, covering areas of significant topical interest, is commissioned by the editors and the editorial board.