Priming for protection: inducible attachment-resistance to ectoparasitic mites in Drosophila.

IF 2.4 3区 医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY
Ashley L Webster, Michal Polak
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Ectoparasites are ubiquitous and are often harmful to host fitness. Whereas protective responses to ectoparasitism in vertebrate hosts are well documented, our understanding of such defences in invertebrates remains limited. Here, we examined attachment-resistance in adult Drosophila to their naturally co-occurring ectoparasitic mites, Gamasodes pachysetis (Parasitidae). Significant differences in mite attachment duration were documented among 6 species of Drosophila, providing evidence for interspecific differentiation in attachment-resistance. Experiments with D. malerkotliana, a species exhibiting a relatively high rate of mite detachment, revealed that pre-infesting flies significantly reduced mite attachment duration compared to naïve controls, indicating a priming effect. In contrast, a reduction in attachment duration was not observed in D. malerkotliana after experimentally wounding the abdominal cuticle. These results suggest that the priming effect is not simply a response to cuticle damage, and that its activation may depend on mite-specific factors. Eight genes were individually tested for their effects on the rate of mite detachment from adult flies by deploying the GAL4-UAS gene knockdown system in D. melanogaster. Knockdown of heat shock protein 70Ba (Hsp70Ba) and prophenoloxidase 2 (PPO2), which underlie general stress and melanization responses, respectively, significantly prolonged mite attachment duration, implicating their involvement in host attachment-resistance to mites. Together the results support the existence of inducible protective mechanisms mediating parasitism by mites in a naturally occurring invertebrate host-ectoparasite symbiosis.

引物保护:果蝇对外寄生螨的诱导附著抗性。
体外寄生虫无处不在,往往对宿主的健康有害。尽管脊椎动物宿主对体外寄生的保护反应有很好的记录,但我们对无脊椎动物这种防御的理解仍然有限。在这里,我们研究了成年果蝇对自然共存的外寄生螨——厚壁革螨(寄生科)的附着抗性。6种果蝇的螨虫附着时间存在显著差异,为其在附着抗性方面存在种间差异提供了证据。对malerkotliana进行的实验显示,与naïve对照相比,预侵染蝇显著减少了螨的附着时间,表明了启动效应。相比之下,在实验损伤腹部角质层后,没有观察到马氏丹参附着时间的减少。这些结果表明,启动效应不仅仅是对角质层损伤的反应,其激活可能取决于螨的特异性因素。采用GAL4-UAS基因敲除系统,分别检测了8个基因对成蝇脱螨率的影响。热休克蛋白70Ba (Hsp70Ba)和酚氧化酶原2 (PPO2)分别表达下调,可显著延长螨的附着时间,提示其参与宿主对螨的附着抗性。总之,这些结果支持在自然发生的无脊椎动物宿主-体外寄生虫共生关系中存在诱导保护机制介导螨虫寄生的存在。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Parasitology
Parasitology 医学-寄生虫学
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
4.20%
发文量
280
审稿时长
3-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Parasitology is an important specialist journal covering the latest advances in the subject. It publishes original research and review papers on all aspects of parasitology and host-parasite relationships, including the latest discoveries in parasite biochemistry, molecular biology and genetics, ecology and epidemiology in the context of the biological, medical and veterinary sciences. Included in the subscription price are two special issues which contain reviews of current hot topics, one of which is the proceedings of the annual Symposia of the British Society for Parasitology, while the second, covering areas of significant topical interest, is commissioned by the editors and the editorial board.
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