{"title":"Exosome-Mediated Strategies for Melanoma Eradication: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Lalit Kumar, Ritesh Rana, Isha Singh, Sumit Kumar, Vikas Aggarwal, Komal Komal, Vuluchala Jyothiraditya","doi":"10.2174/0115680266373170250624095758","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Exosomes, which are vesicles that are naturally derived and contain a biomolecular payload, are promising vehicles for melanoma therapy because of their biocompatibility, targeting capabilities, and stability. This review emphasizes their capacity to circumvent the constraints of conventional treatments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We carried out a comprehensive search of PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2024 utilizing terms such as \"exosomes,\" \"melanoma,\" and \"chemotherapy.\" Studies on exosome characterization or non-melanoma malignancies were excluded from the inclusion criteria, which centered on exosome-based therapeutics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Drugs delivered via exosomes, such as small interfering RNA (siRNA) and chemotherapeutics, demonstrated enhanced tumor accumulation, achieving 2.5 times greater bioavailability and resulting in a tumor reduction of 60 to 90% when compared to their free counterparts. Surface modifications, such as cRGD peptides, have been shown to enhance targeting capabilities, whereas exosome-mediated photodynamic therapy has been effective in augmenting reactive oxygen species generation and promoting apoptosis.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Exosomes tackle significant challenges such as drug resistance and systemic toxicity; however, they encounter obstacles related to scalability and immunogenicity. Their dual function in tumor advancement and treatment highlights the necessity for standardized protocols.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Exosome-based therapies signify a groundbreaking advancement in the treatment of melanoma. Future endeavors should refine engineering methodologies, enhance production capabilities, and substantiate effectiveness through rigorous clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":11076,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in medicinal chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Current topics in medicinal chemistry","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115680266373170250624095758","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Introduction: Exosomes, which are vesicles that are naturally derived and contain a biomolecular payload, are promising vehicles for melanoma therapy because of their biocompatibility, targeting capabilities, and stability. This review emphasizes their capacity to circumvent the constraints of conventional treatments.
Methods: We carried out a comprehensive search of PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2024 utilizing terms such as "exosomes," "melanoma," and "chemotherapy." Studies on exosome characterization or non-melanoma malignancies were excluded from the inclusion criteria, which centered on exosome-based therapeutics.
Results: Drugs delivered via exosomes, such as small interfering RNA (siRNA) and chemotherapeutics, demonstrated enhanced tumor accumulation, achieving 2.5 times greater bioavailability and resulting in a tumor reduction of 60 to 90% when compared to their free counterparts. Surface modifications, such as cRGD peptides, have been shown to enhance targeting capabilities, whereas exosome-mediated photodynamic therapy has been effective in augmenting reactive oxygen species generation and promoting apoptosis.
Discussion: Exosomes tackle significant challenges such as drug resistance and systemic toxicity; however, they encounter obstacles related to scalability and immunogenicity. Their dual function in tumor advancement and treatment highlights the necessity for standardized protocols.
Conclusion: Exosome-based therapies signify a groundbreaking advancement in the treatment of melanoma. Future endeavors should refine engineering methodologies, enhance production capabilities, and substantiate effectiveness through rigorous clinical trials.
期刊介绍：
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry is a forum for the review of areas of keen and topical interest to medicinal chemists and others in the allied disciplines. Each issue is solely devoted to a specific topic, containing six to nine reviews, which provide the reader a comprehensive survey of that area. A Guest Editor who is an expert in the topic under review, will assemble each issue. The scope of Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry will cover all areas of medicinal chemistry, including current developments in rational drug design, synthetic chemistry, bioorganic chemistry, high-throughput screening, combinatorial chemistry, compound diversity measurements, drug absorption, drug distribution, metabolism, new and emerging drug targets, natural products, pharmacogenomics, and structure-activity relationships. Medicinal chemistry is a rapidly maturing discipline. The study of how structure and function are related is absolutely essential to understanding the molecular basis of life. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry aims to contribute to the growth of scientific knowledge and insight, and facilitate the discovery and development of new therapeutic agents to treat debilitating human disorders. The journal is essential for every medicinal chemist who wishes to be kept informed and up-to-date with the latest and most important advances.
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