Organic solvent assisted hydrothermal processing of cooked rice to get insights into the evolution of chemical structure of hydrochar

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management Pub Date : 2025-07-12 DOI:10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115007

Sobia Kousar , Kanwal Javed , Bushra Begum , Muhammad Mahboob Naeem , Shu Zhang , Xun Hu

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Abstract

Reaction medium not only plays the roles as solvent for dispersion of reactants in hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), but also might directly react with reaction intermediates/products, impacting properties of hydrochar. To verify potential influence of typical solvents on property of hydrochar from sugary feedstock, HTC of cooked rice in water, chlorobenzene, xylene, guaiacol, glycol, chloroaniline, and aniline was conducted at 200 ℃. The results showed that hydrocarbon solvents (chlorobenzene and xylene) enhanced yields of hydrochar from 41.5 % in water to 51.5 % and 46.8 % from their low solubility towards polar intermediates, confining them in water droplets formed from dehydration of sugars and enhancing their cross-polymerization. This formed hydrochar of higher thermal stability and heating value. Conversely, guaiacol and glycol resulted in formation of hydrochar of much lower yield (ca. 11 %) by dissolving polar intermediates, diminishing carbonyl species on hydrochar. Chloroaniline reacted with sugary intermediates via Maillard reactions, enhancing hydrochar yield (71.5 %) and N content (6.0 %) and forming C=N at expense of C=O. Aniline with high alkalinity led to fragmentation of organics in rice but not deoxygenation. The involvement of these non-alcoholic solvents in conversion of intermediates in the HTC formed hydrochar of irregular structures while clusters of grape-like structures were formed in water and glycol. The removal rate for methylene blue over the hydrochar generated in guaiacol was found to be 63.2 %, which was higher than that for Cr (VI) due to difference in the adsorption mechanism of the two pollutants.

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利用有机溶剂辅助水热法对煮熟的大米进行处理，以了解其碳氢化合物的化学结构演变

在水热炭化过程中，反应介质不仅起到分散反应物的溶剂作用，还可能直接与反应中间体/产物发生反应，影响烃类的性能。为了验证典型溶剂对含糖原料制氢炭性能的潜在影响，在200℃下对煮熟的大米在水、氯苯、二甲苯、愈创木酚、乙二醇、氯苯胺和苯胺中进行了HTC。结果表明，烃类溶剂（氯苯和二甲苯）使碳氢化合物在水中的产率从41.5%提高到51.5%和46.8%，因为它们对极性中间体的溶解度低，将它们限制在由糖脱水形成的水滴中，并增强了它们的交叉聚合。这形成了更高的热稳定性和热值的碳氢化合物。相反，愈创木酚和乙二醇通过溶解极性中间体，减少了碳氢化合物上的羰基物种，导致形成收率低得多的碳氢化合物（约11%）。氯苯胺与含糖中间体通过美拉德反应反应，提高了碳氢化合物收率（71.5%）和N含量（6.0%），并以C=O为代价生成了C=N。高碱度的苯胺导致水稻中有机物碎裂，但不脱氧。这些非酒精溶剂参与了HTC中间产物的转化，形成了不规则结构的碳氢化合物，而在水和乙二醇中形成了葡萄状结构簇。愈创木酚生成的氢炭对亚甲基蓝的去除率为63.2%，高于对Cr （VI）的去除率，这是由于两种污染物的吸附机理不同。

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来源期刊

Waste management 环境科学-工程：环境

CiteScore

15.60

自引率

6.20%

发文量

492

审稿时长

39 days

期刊介绍： Waste Management is devoted to the presentation and discussion of information on solid wastes,it covers the entire lifecycle of solid. wastes. Scope: Addresses solid wastes in both industrialized and economically developing countries Covers various types of solid wastes, including: Municipal (e.g., residential, institutional, commercial, light industrial) Agricultural Special (e.g., C and D, healthcare, household hazardous wastes, sewage sludge)