Association between diabetes markers, physical fitness, and balance among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Q2 Medicine

Obesity Medicine Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI:10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100631

Sobia Hasan , Basit Ansari , Tehreem Anis , Fahad Alanazi , Mehrunnisha Ahmed , Ahmad Alanazi , Faizan Zaffar Kashoo

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background and purpose

Diabetes mellitus, a common disorder of glucose metabolism, affects multiple organ systems and often leads to complications such as diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), which impairs balance and mobility. To manage DPN effectively, understanding the relationships between key markers, such as fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and aerobic capacity (VO₂max), and balance-related outcomes is crucial but remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the associations between diabetes markers (FBS, HbA1c), physical fitness (VO₂max), body mass index (BMI), and balance measures such as One-Leg Stance test (OLS), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Timed Up and Go test (TUGT) in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

A cross-sectional correlation analysis was performed using baseline data from a randomized controlled study (n = 90, 67.8 % female, mean age = 55.96 ± 4.61 years). Pearson's correlation and mediation analyses were used to assess relationships between diabetes markers, fitness indicators, and balance measures.

Results

Higher FBS and HbA1c correlated negatively with balance (OLS: r = −0.43 to −0.45, p < 0.01; BBS: r = −0.37 to −0.40, p < 0.05) and positively with mobility impairment (HbA1c-TUG: r = 0.28, p = 0.04). A higher VO₂max was correlated with better balance (OLS: r = 0.50, p < 0.01) and faster mobility (TUGT: r = −0.39, p < 0.05). A high BMI negatively impacts balance and slows mobility. Neuropathy severity (Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument-MNSI) significantly predicted higher HbA1c (β = 0.106, p < 0.001) and reduced VO₂max, OLS, and BBS scores.

Discussion

Poor glycemic control (higher FBS and HbA1c) is linked to poorer balance, whereas higher VO₂max and lower BMI are correlated with improved balance in T2DM patients. Exercise and metabolic control strategies are essential for optimizing functional outcomes in diabetes management.

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2型糖尿病患者的糖尿病标志物、身体健康和平衡之间的关系

背景和目的糖尿病是一种常见的糖代谢紊乱，可影响多器官系统，并经常导致糖尿病周围神经病变（DPN）等并发症，损害平衡和活动能力。为了有效地管理DPN，了解关键指标(如空腹血糖（FBS）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）和有氧能力（VO2max）与平衡相关结果之间的关系至关重要，但仍未得到充分研究。本研究旨在探讨成人2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者的糖尿病标志物（FBS、HbA1c）、体能（VO2max）、体重指数（BMI）和平衡测量（如单腿站立测试（OLS）、Berg平衡量表（BBS）和定时起床测试（TUGT））之间的关系。方法采用随机对照研究（n = 90，女性67.8%，平均年龄55.96±4.61岁）的基线资料进行横断面相关分析。使用Pearson相关分析和中介分析来评估糖尿病标志物、健康指标和平衡测量之间的关系。结果较高的FBS和HbA1c与平衡呈负相关(OLS: r = - 0.43 ~ - 0.45, p <；0.01;BBS: r = - 0.37至- 0.40,p <；活动能力障碍呈阳性（HbA1c-TUG: r = 0.28, p = 0.04）。较高的VO2max与较好的平衡性相关(OLS: r = 0.50, p <；0.01)和更快的迁移速度(TUGT: r = - 0.39, p <；0.05)。高BMI会对平衡产生负面影响，并减缓行动能力。神经病变严重程度（密歇根神经病变筛查仪器- mnsi）显著预测HbA1c升高(β = 0.106, p <；0.001)， VO2max、OLS和BBS评分降低。血糖控制不良（较高的FBS和HbA1c）与较差的平衡有关，而较高的VO2max和较低的BMI与T2DM患者的平衡改善有关。运动和代谢控制策略对于优化糖尿病管理的功能结果至关重要。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Obesity Medicine Medicine-Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

CiteScore

5.50

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

40 days

期刊介绍： The official journal of the Shanghai Diabetes Institute Obesity is a disease of increasing global prevalence with serious effects on both the individual and society. Obesity Medicine focusses on health and disease, relating to the very broad spectrum of research in and impacting on humans. It is an interdisciplinary journal that addresses mechanisms of disease, epidemiology and co-morbidities. Obesity Medicine encompasses medical, societal, socioeconomic as well as preventive aspects of obesity and is aimed at researchers, practitioners and educators alike.