From hazardous waste to resource: Proper disposal of cadmium

IF 8.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Separation and Purification Technology Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI:10.1016/j.seppur.2025.134304

Cunjun Wang, Yongqiang Chen, Yubo Liu, Baozhong Ma, Chengyan Wang

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Abstract

Cadmium is one of the most hazardous heavy metals due to its high toxicity and non-biodegradability, yet it remains indispensable in industrial applications such as nickel–cadmium batteries, alloy manufacturing, and semiconductor manufacturing. Cadmium-containing wastes from mining, smelting, and battery-related industries pose both environmental risks and resource recovery potential, requiring efficient separation and treatment strategies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current technologies for cadmium separation and recovery across diverse waste streams. Hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical processes are commonly employed to recover cadmium in metallic or alloyed forms, while material utilization offers a practical alternative for low-value or complex cadmium-containing wastes. The principles, representative applications, and functional roles of each method within cadmium management are discussed, along with existing technical challenges and future research needs. This work aims to serve as a useful reference for the sustainable recovery and responsible disposal of cadmium.

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从危险废物到资源：镉的妥善处置

由于镉的高毒性和不可生物降解性，它是最危险的重金属之一，但在镍镉电池、合金制造和半导体制造等工业应用中仍然不可或缺。来自采矿、冶炼和电池相关行业的含镉废物既具有环境风险，又具有资源回收潜力，需要有效的分离和处理策略。本文综述了目前镉在不同废物流中的分离和回收技术。湿法冶金和火法冶金通常用于回收金属或合金形式的镉，而材料利用为低价值或复杂的含镉废物提供了一种实用的替代方法。讨论了每种方法在镉管理中的原理、代表性应用和功能作用，以及现有的技术挑战和未来的研究需求。本研究旨在为镉的可持续回收和负责任的处置提供有益的参考。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Separation and Purification Technology 工程技术-工程：化工

CiteScore

14.00

自引率

12.80%

发文量

2347

审稿时长

43 days

期刊介绍： Separation and Purification Technology is a premier journal committed to sharing innovative methods for separation and purification in chemical and environmental engineering, encompassing both homogeneous solutions and heterogeneous mixtures. Our scope includes the separation and/or purification of liquids, vapors, and gases, as well as carbon capture and separation techniques. However, it's important to note that methods solely intended for analytical purposes are not within the scope of the journal. Additionally, disciplines such as soil science, polymer science, and metallurgy fall outside the purview of Separation and Purification Technology. Join us in advancing the field of separation and purification methods for sustainable solutions in chemical and environmental engineering.