{"title":"Current insight into HIV-1 persistence from single-cell transcriptome profiling in acutely treated cohorts of infection.","authors":"Lakshmi Rani Iyer, Rasmi Thomas","doi":"10.1097/COH.0000000000000962","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Antiretroviral therapy is effective in controlling viral load, but there is immediate rebound of virus when treatment is interrupted. This is due to a reservoir of cells harboring HIV which evades immune surveillance and persists in the host. In this review we discuss research leveraging single-cell transcriptomics to examine single-cells from people living with HIV in vivo that can provide insight into these reservoir cells.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Advancements in the field of multiomics, specifically single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), have enabled the profiling of hundreds of thousands of single cells and characterized the heterogeneity of cells in people with HIV. Studies in cohorts of people treated during acute HIV-1 infection have revealed longitudinal changes in immune responses during early infection, discovered novel restriction and latency factors, and identified markers of the cells with virus and the reservoir size.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Single-cell transcriptomics is a powerful technology that screens the entire transcriptome of an individual cell. When used strategically to investigate samples from cohorts of acute HIV-1 infection, this unbiased omics tool can shed light on the elusive HIV-1 reservoir and unlock strategies for cure.</p>","PeriodicalId":93966,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in HIV and AIDS","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12266646/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Current opinion in HIV and AIDS","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1097/COH.0000000000000962","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Purpose of review: Antiretroviral therapy is effective in controlling viral load, but there is immediate rebound of virus when treatment is interrupted. This is due to a reservoir of cells harboring HIV which evades immune surveillance and persists in the host. In this review we discuss research leveraging single-cell transcriptomics to examine single-cells from people living with HIV in vivo that can provide insight into these reservoir cells.
Recent findings: Advancements in the field of multiomics, specifically single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), have enabled the profiling of hundreds of thousands of single cells and characterized the heterogeneity of cells in people with HIV. Studies in cohorts of people treated during acute HIV-1 infection have revealed longitudinal changes in immune responses during early infection, discovered novel restriction and latency factors, and identified markers of the cells with virus and the reservoir size.
Summary: Single-cell transcriptomics is a powerful technology that screens the entire transcriptome of an individual cell. When used strategically to investigate samples from cohorts of acute HIV-1 infection, this unbiased omics tool can shed light on the elusive HIV-1 reservoir and unlock strategies for cure.