Determinants of Foot Care Adherence Among High-Risk Diabetic Populations: Insights From an Ethnic Minority Community Study in Southwest China.

Abstract

Background: Effective foot care is crucial for preventing diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). While previous studies have identified general determinants of foot care adherence, the unique challenges faced by ethnic minority communities in rural settings remain underexplored. This qualitative study aimed to explore determinants of foot care among individuals at high risk of DFU in an ethnic minority community in Southwest China.

Methods: Twenty participants from 4 local communities were recruited, and data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Data from the interviews were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach.

Results: Thematic analysis revealed 3 key themes: prioritization of personal health needs, historical cultural perception, and interaction within working and family contexts. Notably, misconceptions regarding the correlation between blood circulation and foot odor have diminished the perceived importance of foot care, while misunderstandings about food and nutrition indirectly impacted it. Foot hygiene practices are performed less consistently compared to handwashing in daily life.

Conclusions: This study provides novel insights into the specific determinants of foot care adherence among high-risk diabetic populations in a rural, ethnic minority setting. The findings emphasize the need for culturally tailored interventions that address misconceptions, language barriers, and social dynamics to improve foot care practices and reduce the risk of DFU.