{"title":"A 1.33 μV/e− voltage mode active pixel sensor with threshold voltage compensation for dynamic X-ray imaging","authors":"Jiangbo Hu, Yuhan Zhang, Congwei Liao, Shengdong Zhang","doi":"10.1002/jsid.2053","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper proposes a high-gain voltage-mode active pixel sensor (V-APS) for high-frame-rate dynamic X-ray imaging. Due to a source–follower structure, the proposed active pixel circuit exhibits superior linearity compared with current-mode APS. And a shared programmable-gain amplifier (PGA) is employed to provide secondary-stage amplification, mitigating the gain limitation of the source–follower structure. The charge-to-voltage gain of the proposed V-APS achieves 1.33 μV/e<sup>−</sup> with a nonlinearity of 0.38%. Furthermore, threshold voltage (<i>V</i><sub>T</sub>) variation and shift of amplifying transistors in pixels and PGAs can be compensated by using dual-gate thin-film transistor technology. In comparison with conventional 3-T V-APS, the proposed one features a significant decrease of output voltage error rate from 43.67% to 0.79% at a <i>V</i><sub>T</sub> shift of ±0.5 V.</p>","PeriodicalId":49979,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Society for Information Display","volume":"33 5","pages":"371-379"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of the Society for Information Display","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://sid.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jsid.2053","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
This paper proposes a high-gain voltage-mode active pixel sensor (V-APS) for high-frame-rate dynamic X-ray imaging. Due to a source–follower structure, the proposed active pixel circuit exhibits superior linearity compared with current-mode APS. And a shared programmable-gain amplifier (PGA) is employed to provide secondary-stage amplification, mitigating the gain limitation of the source–follower structure. The charge-to-voltage gain of the proposed V-APS achieves 1.33 μV/e− with a nonlinearity of 0.38%. Furthermore, threshold voltage (VT) variation and shift of amplifying transistors in pixels and PGAs can be compensated by using dual-gate thin-film transistor technology. In comparison with conventional 3-T V-APS, the proposed one features a significant decrease of output voltage error rate from 43.67% to 0.79% at a VT shift of ±0.5 V.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of the Society for Information Display publishes original works dealing with the theory and practice of information display. Coverage includes materials, devices and systems; the underlying chemistry, physics, physiology and psychology; measurement techniques, manufacturing technologies; and all aspects of the interaction between equipment and its users. Review articles are also published in all of these areas. Occasional special issues or sections consist of collections of papers on specific topical areas or collections of full length papers based in part on oral or poster presentations given at SID sponsored conferences.
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