Optimization of heat transfer and entropy for Maxwell dusty fluid: Significance of Lorentz force and variable viscosity

Abstract

Dusty fluids are an indispensable source of efficient heat production with many applications in many scientific and technical fields. The incorporation of dust nanoparticles, characterized by their enhanced thermal properties, broadens the range of potential applications to include complex domains such as chemical and mechanical engineering and cutting-edge technological environments. The main aim of this investigation is to explore the momentum and thermal transfer properties of a magnetohydrodynamics Maxwell nanofluid passing through an inclined surface while carrying conductive dust particles as a volume fraction. This study provides a means to optimize thermal systems in engineering and technological settings by examining dusty Maxwell nanofluids under magnetic and convective circumstances. The problem is theoretically simulated by incorporating the mixed convective situation and magnetic influence. Furthermore, analyzing the Bejan number and entropy generation reveals the stream’s delicate aspects. Using similarity transformation, the heat transfer and fluid flow controlling equations are converted into ordinary differential equations that are nonlinear, which are solved numerically by a shooting approach. The effects of dimensionless controlling factors on flow velocity, Bejan number, entropy generation rate, and thermal profiles are examined and shown using graphics. Additionally, the Nusselt number and friction factor are computed. The results demonstrated that the mixed convection parameter and the dusty-fluid interaction variable increase the entropy production and the Bejan number. It is also explored that the velocity and thermal profile exhibit distinguishing behavior for increasing magnetic variables. The Bejan number and the entropy generation rate show an increasing trend as the Maxwell fluid parameter rises. The improved elastic effects of the Maxwell fluid, which increase internal friction and heat transfer irreversibility, cause this rise. Compared to previous studies, the results obtained showed an elevated level of homogeneity and precision.