Simultaneous ultrasonication on the extraction, antioxidant capacity, and α-glucosidase inhibition activity of polysaccharide from burdock (Arctium lappa L.)

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of extraction modes on the yield of polysaccharides from burdock roots (Arctium lappa), and to assess their properties. Various extraction techniques, including ultrasound-assisted extraction with water and ethanol, were employed to determine the total polysaccharide and inulin content. The antioxidant capacity, the glucose adsorption capacity and α-glucosidase inhibition activity were assessed to explore potential antidiabetic effects. The results revealed that ultrasound-assisted ethanolic extraction yielded the highest inulin content (up to 44.05 %), although water extracts exhibited greater inulin solubility. The total phenolic content ranged from 29.99 to 39.25 mg GAE/g, with significant antioxidant activity observed, particularly after 2 h of sonication (IC₅₀ values of 8.57 mg/mL for DPPH and 8.78 mg/mL for ABTS). Additionally, the extracts demonstrated substantial glucose adsorption and α-glucosidase inhibition (30 % to 47 % inhibition), indicating potential for managing postprandial blood glucose levels and acts as natural antioxidants and antidiabetic agents.