Advancing grid stability and renewable energy: Policy evolution of battery energy storage systems in China, Japan, and South Korea

Abstract

The evolution of policies and regulations supporting battery energy storage system (BESS) development, utilization, and sustainability to enhance resource adequacy was investigated. The study examined the role of BESS in mitigating renewable energy intermittency, using China, Japan, and South Korea as case studies. The review finds that environmental, economic, political, technological, and regulatory factors significantly influence BESS applications' viability, growth, and sustainability. BESS offers environmental and social benefits but faces challenges like raw material price volatility and supply chain disruptions. The study concludes that integrating renewable energy sources and the growing demand for grid stability will continue to drive BESS adoption. However, supply chain challenges, international green trade barriers, and evolving technologies will shape the next phase of BESS growth. Collaboration among stakeholders, strategic partnerships, technological innovation, and supportive policies are required to advance the global adoption of BESS. The study highlights critical policy frameworks facilitating BESS deployment while ensuring grid stability and sustainability.