Interference of the direct and two ground-reflected waves in a turbulent atmosphere

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Applied Acoustics Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI:10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110932

Vladimir E. Ostashev , D. Keith Wilson , Daniel J. Breton , David E. Norris

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Abstract

The interference of the direct wave from a source to receiver and that reflected from the ground is one of the main phenomena in short-range sound propagation in the atmosphere. This article studies ground interference in a turbulent atmosphere when, in addition to the direct wave, two ground-reflected waves arrive at the receiver. The multiple reflections occur in the presence of the sloped ground such as a hill or other terrain feature. The mean-squared sound pressure at the receiver depends on three factors, which characterize coherence between the three waves considered in a turbulent atmosphere. These coherence factors are expressed in terms of the geometrical parameters of the problem and effective spectrum of atmospheric turbulence. Numerical calculations demonstrate that the additional reflected wave from the sloped ground increases the number of the interference minima and maxima in the mean-squared sound pressure as a function of frequency. Due to atmospheric turbulence, the mean-squared sound pressure significantly increases at the minima and decreases at the maxima. These effects become greater with increasing frequency and turbulence intensity.

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紊流大气中直接波和地面反射波的干涉

声源与接收机之间的直接波与地面反射波之间的干扰是大气中近程声传播的主要现象之一。本文研究了湍流大气中，除了直接波外，还有两个地面反射波到达接收机时的地面干扰。多重反射发生在斜坡地面上，如山丘或其他地形特征。接收机的均方声压取决于三个因素，这三个因素表征了湍流大气中三个波之间的相干性。这些相干因子用问题的几何参数和大气湍流的有效谱来表示。数值计算表明，来自倾斜地面的附加反射波增加了均方声压中干扰极小值和最大值的数目，并与频率成函数关系。由于大气湍流的影响，声压均方在最小值处显著增大，在最大值处显著减小。这些影响随着频率和湍流强度的增加而变得更大。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Applied Acoustics 物理-声学

CiteScore

7.40

自引率

11.80%

发文量

618

审稿时长

7.5 months

期刊介绍： Since its launch in 1968, Applied Acoustics has been publishing high quality research papers providing state-of-the-art coverage of research findings for engineers and scientists involved in applications of acoustics in the widest sense. Applied Acoustics looks not only at recent developments in the understanding of acoustics but also at ways of exploiting that understanding. The Journal aims to encourage the exchange of practical experience through publication and in so doing creates a fund of technological information that can be used for solving related problems. The presentation of information in graphical or tabular form is especially encouraged. If a report of a mathematical development is a necessary part of a paper it is important to ensure that it is there only as an integral part of a practical solution to a problem and is supported by data. Applied Acoustics encourages the exchange of practical experience in the following ways: • Complete Papers • Short Technical Notes • Review Articles; and thereby provides a wealth of technological information that can be used to solve related problems. Manuscripts that address all fields of applications of acoustics ranging from medicine and NDT to the environment and buildings are welcome.