Emerging trends in transgene-free crop development: insights into genome editing and its regulatory overview.

IF 3.9 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Vadthya Lokya, Surender Singh, Roni Chaudhary, Alka Jangra, Siddharth Tiwari
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Genome editing tools have revolutionized plant biology research offering unparalleled applications for genome manipulation and trait improvement in crops. Adopting such advanced biotechnological tools is inevitable to meet increasing global food demand and address challenges in food production, including (a)biotic stresses and inadequate nutritional value. Despite reliance on conventional genetic manipulation methods, the CRISPR-Cas-mediated genome editing toolbox allows precise modification of DNA/RNA in a target organism's genome. So far, CRISPR-Cas has been widely used to enhance yield, quality, stress tolerance, and nutritional value in various food crops. However, challenges such as reagent delivery in suitable explants, precise editing with minimal off-target effect, and generating transgene-free plants persist as major bottlenecks in most plant species. Components of CRISPR-Cas construct mainly Cas, guide RNA (gRNA), and selectable marker genes are often integrated into the host genome, which raises regulatory concerns. However, adapting advanced gene-editing strategies, including high-efficiency Cas endonucleases, DNA-independent RNP delivery, morphogenetic regulators, and grafting-mediated editing, are paving the way for transgene-free crop improvement while easing biosafety regulations. Further, regulatory frameworks for genome-edited crops vary globally, with several countries accepting them and others debating their legal status. Hence, the disparity in global regulatory guidelines of genome editing curbs commercialization. The current review highlights the emerging CRISPR-mediated tools or methods and their applications in developing transgene-free designer crops to harness the benefits of advanced genome manipulation.

无转基因作物发展的新趋势:对基因组编辑及其监管概述的见解。
基因组编辑工具已经彻底改变了植物生物学研究,为基因组操作和作物性状改善提供了无与伦比的应用。采用这种先进的生物技术工具是满足日益增长的全球粮食需求和应对粮食生产挑战的必然选择,这些挑战包括(a)生物压力和营养价值不足。尽管依赖于传统的基因操作方法,crispr - cas介导的基因组编辑工具箱允许对目标生物基因组中的DNA/RNA进行精确修饰。迄今为止,CRISPR-Cas已被广泛应用于提高各种粮食作物的产量、品质、抗逆性和营养价值。然而,诸如在合适的外植体中递送试剂、以最小的脱靶效应进行精确编辑以及产生无转基因植物等挑战仍然是大多数植物物种的主要瓶颈。CRISPR-Cas的组成部分主要构建Cas、引导RNA (gRNA)和选择性标记基因,这些基因通常被整合到宿主基因组中,这引起了监管方面的担忧。然而,采用先进的基因编辑策略,包括高效的Cas内切酶、不依赖dna的RNP递送、形态发生调节剂和嫁接介导的编辑,正在为无转基因作物改良铺平道路,同时放宽生物安全法规。此外,基因组编辑作物的监管框架在全球各不相同,一些国家接受它们,而另一些国家则在争论它们的法律地位。因此,全球基因编辑监管方针的差异阻碍了商业化。当前的综述重点介绍了新兴的crispr介导的工具或方法及其在开发无转基因设计作物方面的应用,以利用先进的基因组操作的好处。
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来源期刊
Plant Molecular Biology
Plant Molecular Biology 生物-生化与分子生物学
自引率
2.00%
发文量
95
审稿时长
1.4 months
期刊介绍: Plant Molecular Biology is an international journal dedicated to rapid publication of original research articles in all areas of plant biology.The Editorial Board welcomes full-length manuscripts that address important biological problems of broad interest, including research in comparative genomics, functional genomics, proteomics, bioinformatics, computational biology, biochemical and regulatory networks, and biotechnology. Because space in the journal is limited, however, preference is given to publication of results that provide significant new insights into biological problems and that advance the understanding of structure, function, mechanisms, or regulation. Authors must ensure that results are of high quality and that manuscripts are written for a broad plant science audience.
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