The association of pesticide exposure on anthropometric parameters among under-five children in Magelang Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia: a cross-sectional study

IF 1.7 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI:10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102121

Sani Rachman Soleman , Fresti Oktanindi , Shofiati Ashfia , Emi Azmi Choironi , Muhammad Fathi Banna Al Faruqi , Desvialin Ulfa Talitha , Afifah Az Zahra , Syifa Nurul Asma

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction

As endocrine disruptor chemicals, pesticides pose hormone-associated diseases, such as growth and developmental pathologies, in children through IGF-1 modulators. This study aims to analyze pesticide exposure on anthropometry status in under-five children and related factors that contribute to them.

Methods

A cross-sectional study is proposed to collect 362 under-five children who visited Posyandu in Magelang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Independent variables are types of pesticide application and baseline characteristics of parents and children. The data are collected through questionnaires. Dependent variables include anthropometric status, including WLZ, WAZ, HAZ, and BMZ. Statistical analysis used Linear Regression and Analysis of Covariance with SPSS version 25.

Results

When child age is stratified <30 mo, organophosphate exposure affects WLZ (β = 0.52, P=<0.001, CI95 = 0.13, 0.90), WAZ (β = 0.54, P = 0.02, CI95 = 0.08, 1.01) and BAZ (β = 0.49, P = 0.01, CI95 = 0.09, 0.89). Imidacloprid pretends BAZ (β = 0.53, P = 0.04; CI95 = 0.00, 1.05) and triazole influences WAZ (β = 1.09, P = 0.03, CI95 = 0.08, 2.09). Baseline characteristics stated that location affects WLZ (β = 0.44, P=<0.001; CI95 = 0.19, 0.68), WAZ (β = 0.32, P = 0.01, CI95 = 0.06, 0.59) and BAZ (β = 0.55, P=<0.001, CI95 = 0.31, 0.80); child age contributes WLZ (β = −0.00, P = 0.02, CI95 = −0.01, −0.00), WAZ (β = -0.02, P=<0.001, CI95 = −0.02, −0.01), HAZ (β = −0.02, P=<0.001, CI95 = −0.03, −0.01). The remaining variables, father education and child gender, have a role in disrupting HAZ (β = 0.22, P = 0.02, CI95 = 0.02, 0.41) and BAZ (β = 0.25, P = 0.03, CI95 = 0.02, 0.49).

Conclusions

Organophosphate, imidacloprid, and triazole have the potential to damage growth hormones. However, dithiocarbamate is still questionable. Other aspects are warranted to control location, child age, child gender, and father education that contribute to malnutrition.

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杀虫剂暴露与印度尼西亚中爪哇省马格朗县5岁以下儿童人体测量参数的关系：一项横断面研究

作为内分泌干扰物，农药通过IGF-1调节剂在儿童中引起激素相关疾病，如生长和发育病理学。本研究旨在分析农药暴露对5岁以下儿童人体测量状况的影响及其相关因素。方法对362名5岁以下儿童进行横断面研究，这些儿童曾在印度尼西亚中爪哇省马格朗县的Posyandu就诊。自变量是农药使用类型和父母和儿童的基线特征。数据通过问卷调查的方式收集。因变量包括人体测量状态，包括WLZ、WAZ、HAZ和BMZ。统计分析采用线性回归和协方差分析，使用SPSS版本25。结果儿童年龄分层30月时，有机磷暴露影响WLZ （β = 0.52， P=<0.001, CI95 = 0.13, 0.90）、WAZ （β = 0.54， P= 0.02, CI95 = 0.08, 1.01）和BAZ （β = 0.49， P= 0.01, CI95 = 0.09, 0.89）。吡虫啉对BAZ有抑制作用(β = 0.53, P = 0.04；CI95 = 0.00, 1.05)和三唑影响WAZ(β= 1.09,P = 0.03, CI95 = 0.08, 2.09)。基线特征表明，位置影响WLZ (β = 0.44， P=<0.001；CI95 = 0.19, 0.68), WAZ(β= 0.32,P = 0.01, CI95 = 0.06, 0.59)和巴兹(β= 0.55,P = & lt; 0.001, CI95 = 0.31, 0.80);孩子年龄贡献WLZ(β=−0.00,P = 0.02, CI95 =−0.01−0.00),WAZ(β= -0.02,P = & lt; 0.001, CI95 =−0.02−0.01),热影响区(β=−0.02,P = & lt; 0.001, CI95 =−0.03−0.01)。其余变量（父亲教育程度和子女性别）对HAZ （β = 0.22, P = 0.02, CI95 = 0.02, 0.41）和BAZ （β = 0.25, P = 0.03, CI95 = 0.02, 0.49）有影响。结论有机磷、吡虫啉和三唑对生长激素有潜在的损害作用。然而，二硫代氨基甲酸酯仍然值得商榷。其他方面有必要控制导致营养不良的地点、儿童年龄、儿童性别和父亲教育。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-

CiteScore

4.60

自引率

7.70%

发文量

218

审稿时长

66 days

期刊介绍： Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health (CEGH) is a multidisciplinary journal and it is published four times (March, June, September, December) a year. The mandate of CEGH is to promote articles on clinical epidemiology with focus on developing countries in the context of global health. We also accept articles from other countries. It publishes original research work across all disciplines of medicine and allied sciences, related to clinical epidemiology and global health. The journal publishes Original articles, Review articles, Evidence Summaries, Letters to the Editor. All articles published in CEGH are peer-reviewed and published online for immediate access and citation.