The Rational Design of Pt Single Atoms‐Bridged Nanozyme with Enhancing Direct Electron Transfer Pathway for Glucose Oxidation

Abstract

Nanozymes are promising tools in chemical synthesis, environmental remediation, and diagnostic sensing owing to their enzyme‐like catalytic properties. However, the inherent limitations of nanozymes stemming from their biological catalytic pathway dependency have fundamentally hindered their broader application. In this work, nanozyme with a direct electron transfer mechanism, mimicking natural glucose oxidase for glucose oxidation, is synthesized to offer a stable and direct catalytic pathway. Theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that Pt single atom sites on the nanozyme trigger robust metal‐support interaction for Au nanoparticles, forming a positively charged region on the Au surface. As a result, the Au could directly capture electrons from the oxygen atom in glucose to form the self‐powered electrochemical signal through direct electron transfer pathway, which is distinct from the common cascade reaction pathway for glucose oxidase. Herein, a self‐powered sensor based on a microfluidic chip is fabricated, showing high sensitivity for the detection of glucose with a detection limit of 10 nm. Its successful application in the detection of glucose in blood and real human sweat samples, and also a real‐time detection of glucose in sweat during the cycling and running offers insights into nanozyme innovations and provides promising commercialization potentials for noninvasive testing.