"I want control and I imagine I have it" experiences of control and loss of control among people with gambling problems in Sweden.

Abstract

Introduction: Gambling harm is a widespread phenomenon affecting an increasing number of individuals. Understanding the concept of self-control is central to comprehending the nature of gambling problems.

Methods: Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with ten individuals recruited through peer support associations in Sweden. The data was analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.

Results: Three group themes were identified: (Un)predictability and (Un)safety: The Meanings of Being in or Out of Control, Inside "the Bubble": Navigating (No) Control in and Through Gambling, and A Delicate Act: "Regaining" Control of an Uncontrolled Life. Gambling was described as part of a negative spiral in which individuals in challenging life situations attempt to create and recreate experiences of control through gambling. The more negative consequences gambling had on everyday life and relationships, the greater the need to retreat into a protective "bubble."

Discussion: Being in and out of control are universal human experiences through which we can better understand the maintenance of severe gambling problems. Between these two experiences, there is also a false sense of control that does not correspond to experiences previously described in the literature.