Whole genome sequence analysis of pigmented Bacillus inaquosorum LBA001 revealed biosynthetic gene clusters for a variety of secondary metabolites

Abstract

The strain Bacillus inaquosorum LBA001 was isolated from a soil sample as a potential entomopathogenic bacteria; and produces a brown pigment at each growth on LB (Luria–Bertani) agar. We investigated its biochemical and physiological characteristics using the standard bacteriological technique. The whole genome sequencing was used to explore its genetic composition and metabolic capabilities. We used whole genome sequencing to examine the role of its genetic makeup and its potential metabolic capacity. The whole genome assembly resulted in one scaffold with a GC content of 43.19% and a genome size of about 4.3 Mb. The Prokka annotation showed 4,149 coding sequences and full sets of ribosomal RNA (5S, 16S, and 23S). The pan genome analysis identified 192 core genes among the strains compared with numerous accessory genes in individual strains. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that it belongs to the B. inaquosorum clade, as it has much in common with B. inaquosorum KCTC 13249 ^T. AntiSMASH indicated that LBA001 contains certain groups of biosynthetic genes such as bacilysin, surfactin, fengycin, bacillaene, and pulcherriminic acid among others. The predicted proteome of LBA001 was subjected to BLAST-based homology searches against reference pigment gene database. The analysis identified 23 high-confidence pigment biosynthesis genes, with five different types of pigments in seven distinct colors. Numerous CAZymes in LBA00 were predicted, suggesting its potential applications in biotechnology and agriculture. The identification of potential antibiotic resistance genes in LBA001 genome reflected its adaptive characteristics. These findings will add to our understanding of B. inaquosorum metabolic versatility and its potential as a beneficial source of bioactive compounds.