Enterobius vermicularis infection and its risk factors among rural schoolchildren in Zhejiang Province: a cross-sectional study.

Abstract

Pinworm infection, caused by Enterobius vermicularis, is highly prevalent in humans, with children being particularly susceptible. This cross-sectional study (2022-2024) investigated the epidemiology and risk factors of E. vermicularis infection among 1179 rural schoolchildren (3-9 years) across four districts in Zhejiang Province. In each district, two kindergartens and two primary schools were selected using simple random sampling. Pinworm infection was identified using adhesive cellophane tape perianal swabbing method. Data on demographics, hygiene habits, and school environment were collected through structured questionnaires. Simple logistic regression analysis was performed for each potential risk factor, and those variables with a P value less than 0.1 were selected for the multivariate logistic regression analysis. The overall infection rate was 4.07%, with the highest prevalence in Xinchang (9.79%), followed by Daishan (2.68%), Wucheng (2.44%), and Yongkang (1.64%). The positive rate among girls was higher than that of boys (5.41% vs. 2.81%, P = 0.020). Among girls, older subjects had a notably higher infection rate compared to younger ones (8.08% vs. 3.19%). Besides, the infection rate of primary school subjects was higher than that of kindergarten subjects (7.48% vs. 3.23%). No significant differences were found in the boys' group. Furthermore, weekly classroom disinfection and monthly health education were associated with lower infection rates. This study underscores the prevalence of E. vermicularis infection in rural schoolchildren in Zhejiang Province and identifies significant risk factors. Strengthening hygiene education and sanitation practices, particularly targeting female students, may serve as effective measures against E. vermicularis infection.