Role of microbiome in cancer progression.

Abstract

The human microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining health and preventing disease. Dysbiosis, or imbalance, in the microbiome, has been linked to various diseases, including cancer. This chapter explores the influence of microbiomes on different organs, immune system modulation, and cancer development. Specific microorganisms, such as Helicobacter pylori, Escherichia coli, and human papillomavirus (HPV), contribute to gastric, colorectal, and cervical cancer through mechanisms like immunomodulation and proliferative signaling pathways. Dysbiosis-induced cancer progression involves NF-κB, Wnt/β-catenin, and JAK/STAT signaling. Recent studies highlight the microbiome's potential in cancer diagnosis and immunotherapy. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) and predictive biomarkers, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Escherichia-Shigella, show promise in treating colorectal cancer. The microbiome influences tumor biology and immune response, affecting immunotherapeutic efficacy. Understanding microbiome-cancer interactions offers new opportunities for improved diagnosis and personalized therapy. This chapter provides comprehensive insights into the role of microbiome in cancer progression, emphasizing the importance of microbiome research in developing effective cancer treatments.