Biomass, stalk, grain, and root crown characteristics of silage maize hybrids interseeded with alfalfa

IF 2 3区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY
Crop Science Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI:10.1002/csc2.70105
John H. Grabber, Claire P. Northup
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Abstract

Adoption of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)–maize (Zea mays L.) intercropping in cold temperate regions is limited in part by reduced forage mass of silage maize. A 2-year trial in Wisconsin quantified the impact of interseeding alfalfa immediately after maize planting on biomass, stalk, grain, and root characteristics of 10 hybrids no-till planted in May. Soil moisture and plant traits were assessed during crop growth. Maize was harvested in September and then root crowns were dug and phenotyped. Interseeding reduced forage biomass by 18% and 27% in hybrid groups classified as having a small or large reduction in biomass production in response to interseeding, and by 16% in 2021 and 29% in 2022 relative to solo-seeded maize. Biomass of solo-seeded maize was not affected by hybrid group or year. Interseeding with alfalfa reduced dry matter concentration, N status, and development of stalks, grain, and roots of maize. Differences between cropping systems for plant traits were greater in 2022 when dry soil restricted growth of interseeded maize to a greater degree than solo-seeded maize. When interseeded, hybrids in the small biomass reduction group had greater kernel counts, plant height, light absorption, early season N status, and suffered less depression in dry matter concentration at harvest than hybrids in the large biomass reduction group. Our results suggest hybrids can differ in their suitability for intercropping with alfalfa.

Abstract Image

青贮玉米与苜蓿杂交的生物量、茎秆、籽粒和根冠特性
寒温带地区采用紫花苜蓿-玉米间作在一定程度上受到青贮玉米饲料质量减少的限制。在威斯康星州进行的一项为期2年的试验量化了玉米种植后立即间种苜蓿对10个杂交品种5月份免耕生物量、茎秆、籽粒和根系特性的影响。对作物生长期间的土壤水分和植株性状进行了评价。玉米在9月份收获,然后挖掘根冠并进行表型分析。在被分类为生物量产量因间播而减少或少或多的杂交玉米群体中,间播使饲草生物量减少18%和27%,与单播玉米相比,在2021年和2022年分别减少16%和29%。单播玉米生物量不受杂交组和杂交年份的影响。苜蓿间播降低了玉米干物质浓度、氮素状况和茎、粒、根的发育。2022年,干旱土壤对杂交玉米生长的限制程度大于单播玉米,不同种植制度间植物性状的差异更大。在交种时,小生物量减量组杂交种的粒数、株高、光吸收、早季氮态均高于大生物量减量组杂交种,收获时干物质浓度下降幅度小于大生物量减量组杂交种。我们的研究结果表明,杂交种与苜蓿间作的适宜性存在差异。
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来源期刊
Crop Science
Crop Science 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
8.70%
发文量
197
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Articles in Crop Science are of interest to researchers, policy makers, educators, and practitioners. The scope of articles in Crop Science includes crop breeding and genetics; crop physiology and metabolism; crop ecology, production, and management; seed physiology, production, and technology; turfgrass science; forage and grazing land ecology and management; genomics, molecular genetics, and biotechnology; germplasm collections and their use; and biomedical, health beneficial, and nutritionally enhanced plants. Crop Science publishes thematic collections of articles across its scope and includes topical Review and Interpretation, and Perspectives articles.
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