A Forgotten Corner: An Ecological Game Land of Resource Abundance and Escalating Conflicts

Abstract

The balance between resource development and ecological conservation is a fundamental challenge in achieving sustainable development, particularly in regions where human activities have a significant impact on ecosystems. This study presents a case of ecological and socio‐economic consequences of oil extraction in the Chinese Loess Plateau. Findings indicate that, although oil development has stimulated local economic growth, it has simultaneously caused ecological degradation, including habitat fragmentation and biodiversity loss. Specifically, within the oilfields, all three plant strata—tree, shrub, and herb layers—show reduced species diversity and richness. Shannon indices are 0.61, 0.53, and 1.86 in the oilfields, compared to 0.65, 1.25, and 2.05 outside. Despite the economic benefits, oil extraction has exacerbated human‐wildlife conflicts (HWC), complicating socio‐ecological dynamics. Key trade‐offs between ecosystem and the intensifying human‐wildlife conflicts have been identified, creating a vicious cycle that threatens both environmental sustainability and community livelihoods. By analysing plant diversity, ecosystem characteristics, and records of human‐wildlife conflict (HWC) across different land‐use zones (core conservation areas, ecological transition zones, and human‐dominated areas), this study reveals that the ecological transition zone (ETZ) is particularly vulnerable to the combined pressures of resource exploitation and biodiversity conservation. The study further emphasises the necessity of integrated management strategies that incorporate ecological restoration, community engagement, and policy reform. Results highlight the importance of maintaining ecological resilience and developing adaptive management frameworks that balance development with ecological sustainability. The findings offer valuable insights for managing resource‐dependent regions globally, providing a model for reconciling economic development with environmental stewardship.