Unveiling the toxicological mechanisms and biological impacts of copper sulfide nanoparticles on zebrafish.

Chandrasekaran Sneka, Dyah Ika Krisnawati, Muhamad Khafid, Hendra Susanto, Chinmaya Mutalik, Chih-Yu Chen, Tsung-Rong Kuo
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Abstract

Aim: Nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly released into the environment, posing risks to living organisms. While copper sulfide NPs have been extensively studied, the toxicity of copper sulfide (CuS) NPs remains underexplored. Owing to their widespread use, it is crucial to assess their biological effects.

Materials & methods: In this study, we used zebrafish embryos and larvae to evaluate CuS NP toxicity. Embryos were exposed to 20-100 µg/mL of CuS NPs under both dark and light conditions.

Results: Concentrations ≥60 µg/mL caused up to 85% mortality, along with developmental abnormalities such as bent tails and pericardial edema. Under light irradiation, CuS NPs significantly elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. This was evidenced by upregulated expression of antioxidant genes sod1, sod2, cat, and gpx1 in exposed embryos.

Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate a photoreactive toxicity mechanism: CuS NPs generate ROS under light, disrupting redox balance. This underscores the importance of environmental factors, like sunlight, in nanomaterial risk assessment. By revealing how CuS NPs affect aquatic organisms under realistic conditions, our study contributes to understanding the ecological risks these particles pose and highlights their potential implications for human health.

揭示硫化铜纳米颗粒对斑马鱼的毒理学机制和生物学影响。
目的:纳米颗粒(NPs)越来越多地释放到环境中,对生物体构成威胁。虽然硫化铜NPs已被广泛研究,但硫化铜NPs的毒性仍未得到充分研究。由于它们的广泛使用,评估它们的生物效应是至关重要的。材料与方法:本研究以斑马鱼胚胎和幼鱼为研究对象,对cu - NP毒性进行了评价。将胚胎暴露于20-100µg/mL的CuS NPs中,在黑暗和光照条件下均可。结果:浓度≥60µg/mL导致高达85%的死亡率,并伴有发育异常,如弯尾和心包水肿。光照下,CuS NPs显著提高了活性氧(ROS)的产生。暴露胚胎中抗氧化基因sod1、sod2、cat和gpx1的表达上调证明了这一点。结论:我们的研究结果证明了一种光反应毒性机制:cu NPs在光线下产生ROS,破坏氧化还原平衡。这强调了环境因素,如阳光,在纳米材料风险评估中的重要性。通过揭示在现实条件下cu NPs如何影响水生生物,我们的研究有助于了解这些颗粒构成的生态风险,并强调它们对人类健康的潜在影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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