Health Risk Behaviors and Associated Factors Among Hajj 2024 Pilgrims: A Multinational Cross-Sectional Study.

IF 2.7 4区医学 Q2 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES

Risk Management and Healthcare Policy Pub Date : 2025-07-02 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.2147/RMHP.S521097

Osama Samarkandi, Fahad Abdulrahman Alamri, Jumanah Alhazmi, Ghadah Sulaiman Alsaleh, Kwather Atteyah Alsehdwei, Lames Alabdullatif, Waleed Alazmy, Anas Khan

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Abstract

Background and objective: The Hajj, a massive annual pilgrimage to Mecca, attracts over 2 million participants. The physically demanding rituals, extreme heat, and crowding increase the risk of injuries worsen chronic conditions, and facilitate infectious disease transmission. Therefore, this study aims to assess the risk behavior and associated factors among pilgrims during the Hajj season of 2024.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among pilgrims during the Hajj season from June 25 to July 30, 2024. The data were randomly collected from departures at Jeddah's King Abdulaziz International Airport and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).

Results: Out of the 1183 pilgrims, 47.5% were male (n=562). The mean age was 54.98±13.96. Risky behaviors were common among pilgrims: 26.9% (n = 318) did not use umbrellas in direct sunlight, and 49.6% preferred walking over using transportation. Additionally, 51.7% did not take prescribed medication, and 59.9% did not seek urgent care for severe symptoms. The mean risk-taking behavior score was 3.24±1.05, with 36.6% of pilgrims exhibiting high-risk behavior and 63.4% exhibiting low-risk behavior. Significant associations were found between risk behavior and education (χ² = 96.502, p < 0.001), nationality (χ² = 69.681, p < 0.001), and certain health conditions (asthma, hearing and vision impairment, and heart disease). Multiple linear regression identified gender (B=0.218, SE=0.059, CI=0.102 to 0.334, p<0.001), education (B=-0.044, SE=0.019, CI=-0.082 to -0.006, p=0.023), nationality (B=-0.168, SE=0.024, CI=-0.215 to -0.122, p<0.001), presence of vision impairment (B=-3.177, SE=1.429, CI=-5.981 to -0.372, p=0.026), and heart disease (B=2.118, SE=1.013, CI=0.130 to 4.106, p=0.037) as predictors of risky behavior (p<0.001).

Conclusion: Minor risk behaviors among pilgrims can lead to increased morbidity, mortality, and logistical challenges. Guidance promoting healthy practices before and during the pilgrimage is essential to mitigate these risks and reduce adverse outcomes.

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2024年朝觐朝觐者健康风险行为及其相关因素：一项跨国横断面研究

背景和目的：麦加朝圣，一年一度的大规模朝圣，吸引了200多万参与者。对体力要求很高的仪式、极端高温和拥挤增加了受伤的风险，使慢性病恶化，并促进了传染病的传播。因此，本研究旨在评估2024年朝觐季节朝觐者的危险行为及其相关因素。方法：对2024年6月25日至7月30日朝觐期间的朝觐者进行横断面研究。随机收集吉达国王阿卜杜勒阿齐兹国际机场离境旅客的数据，并使用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）进行分析。结果：在1183名朝圣者中，男性占47.5% （n=562）。平均年龄54.98±13.96岁。朝圣者的危险行为普遍存在：26.9% （n = 318）的人在阳光直射下不使用遮阳伞，49.6%的人更喜欢步行而不是乘坐交通工具。此外，51.7%的人没有服用处方药，59.9%的人没有在严重症状时寻求紧急护理。冒险行为平均得分为3.24±1.05分，其中36.6%的朝圣者表现为高风险行为，63.4%的朝圣者表现为低风险行为。危险行为与教育程度（χ²= 96.502,p < 0.001）、国籍（χ²= 69.681,p < 0.001）和某些健康状况（哮喘、听力和视力障碍以及心脏病）之间存在显著关联。多元线性回归确定了性别差异（B=0.218， SE=0.059， CI=0.102 ~ 0.334）。结论：朝圣人群的轻微危险行为可能导致发病率、死亡率增加，并给后勤带来挑战。在朝觐之前和朝觐期间提供宣传健康做法的指导，对于减轻这些风险和减少不良后果至关重要。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Risk Management and Healthcare Policy Medicine-Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

CiteScore

6.20

自引率

2.90%

发文量

242

审稿时长

16 weeks

期刊介绍： Risk Management and Healthcare Policy is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal focusing on all aspects of public health, policy and preventative measures to promote good health and improve morbidity and mortality in the population. Specific topics covered in the journal include: Public and community health Policy and law Preventative and predictive healthcare Risk and hazard management Epidemiology, detection and screening Lifestyle and diet modification Vaccination and disease transmission/modification programs Health and safety and occupational health Healthcare services provision Health literacy and education Advertising and promotion of health issues Health economic evaluations and resource management Risk Management and Healthcare Policy focuses on human interventional and observational research. The journal welcomes submitted papers covering original research, clinical and epidemiological studies, reviews and evaluations, guidelines, expert opinion and commentary, and extended reports. Case reports will only be considered if they make a valuable and original contribution to the literature. The journal does not accept study protocols, animal-based or cell line-based studies.