Diet in Pregnancy: A Review of Current Challenges and Recommendations. A British Nutrition Foundation Briefing Paper.

IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS
Kathryn H Hart, Alyson J Hill, Javier T Gonzalez, Anne de la Hunty, Alison M Gallagher, Sara A Stanner
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Pregnancy is a crucial period during which maternal nutrition, weight and lifestyle behaviours have a direct impact on both maternal and fetal health. This briefing paper describes dietary and lifestyle recommendations for women during the preconceptional period and throughout pregnancy, identifying specific factors that can be modified to improve health outcomes for both mother and child. It considers key areas such as nutrient intakes, supplementation, food safety and weight management, and highlights how dietary choices can help reduce the risk of common pregnancy-related conditions. Despite widespread recognition of the importance of a healthy, balanced diet, many women in the UK fall short of recommended intakes for important nutrients, including iron, folate, iodine and vitamin D. These shortfalls are particularly evident among nutritionally vulnerable groups, such as teenagers, women from lower-income households and those experiencing food insecurity; such groups may face barriers to accessing healthy foods and adhering to supplementation guidance. An increasing interest in plant-based diets presents an opportunity to consider a range of dietary patterns that support both maternal health and environmental sustainability. However, such shifts must be carefully managed to ensure adequate intake of nutrients commonly found in animal products, such as vitamin B12, iron, iodine, calcium and long-chain fatty acids. Rates of overweight and obesity among women of childbearing age remain high, reflecting trends in the general population and contributing to growing concern about maternal obesity. Maintaining a healthy weight before and during pregnancy plays a key role in supporting maternal and fetal wellbeing. Both insufficient and excessive weight gain are associated with elevated risks of complications. Excessive weight gain during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of developing gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders such as pre-eclampsia, preterm birth and a greater likelihood of long-term obesity in both mother and child. Supporting women to achieve and maintain a healthy weight in the periconceptional period and throughout pregnancy is therefore a public health priority. The antenatal period presents a unique window of opportunity to promote healthier and more sustainable eating patterns, as women are often highly motivated to improve their health and are in more regular contact with healthcare professionals at this time. Yet, research indicates that many women are unaware of dietary recommendations or receive inconsistent advice. To fully harness this opportunity, healthcare providers must be equipped with culturally appropriate, accessible and evidence-based resources to support perinatal conversations around diet, supplementation, physical activity and body weight. Providing appropriate support during the periconceptional and early pregnancy period is essential to addressing health inequalities, improving long-term wellbeing and positively influencing the health of future generations.

妊娠期饮食:当前挑战和建议综述英国营养基金会简报。
妊娠期是产妇营养、体重和生活方式行为对孕产妇和胎儿健康产生直接影响的关键时期。本简报介绍了孕前期和整个怀孕期间妇女的饮食和生活方式建议,确定了可以修改的具体因素,以改善母亲和儿童的健康结果。它考虑了营养摄入、补充、食品安全和体重管理等关键领域,并强调了饮食选择如何有助于降低常见妊娠相关疾病的风险。尽管人们普遍认识到健康、均衡饮食的重要性,但联合王国的许多妇女没有达到重要营养素的推荐摄入量,包括铁、叶酸、碘和维生素d。这些不足在营养脆弱群体中尤其明显,如青少年、低收入家庭的妇女和粮食不安全的妇女;这些群体在获取健康食品和遵守补充指南方面可能面临障碍。人们对植物性饮食的兴趣日益浓厚,这为考虑支持孕产妇健康和环境可持续性的一系列饮食模式提供了机会。然而,这种转变必须谨慎管理,以确保足够的营养摄入,通常在动物产品中发现,如维生素B12,铁,碘,钙和长链脂肪酸。育龄妇女的超重和肥胖率仍然很高,反映了一般人口的趋势,并促使人们日益关注产妇肥胖问题。在怀孕前和怀孕期间保持健康的体重对支持母亲和胎儿的健康起着关键作用。体重增加不足和过度都会增加并发症的风险。怀孕期间体重过度增加会增加患妊娠期糖尿病、高血压疾病(如先兆子痫)、早产的风险,也会增加母亲和孩子长期肥胖的可能性。因此,支持妇女在围孕期和整个孕期达到和保持健康体重是公共卫生的优先事项。产前期是促进更健康和更可持续的饮食模式的独特机会之窗,因为妇女往往非常积极地改善自己的健康状况,并且在这一时期更经常地与保健专业人员接触。然而,研究表明,许多女性不知道饮食建议或接受不一致的建议。为了充分利用这一机会,医疗保健提供者必须配备文化上合适的、可获得的和基于证据的资源,以支持围绕饮食、补充剂、身体活动和体重进行围产期对话。在围孕期和妊娠早期提供适当支助,对于解决保健不平等问题、改善长期福祉和对后代的健康产生积极影响至关重要。
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来源期刊
Nutrition Bulletin
Nutrition Bulletin NUTRITION & DIETETICS-
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
12.10%
发文量
58
期刊介绍: The Nutrition Bulletin provides accessible reviews at the cutting edge of research. Read by researchers and nutritionists working in universities and research institutes; public health nutritionists, dieticians and other health professionals; nutritionists, technologists and others in the food industry; those engaged in higher education including students; and journalists with an interest in nutrition.
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