Predictive value of plasma zonulin for postoperative Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis.

Abstract

Background: Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is a functional obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by abdominal distension, constipation, and vomiting. The protein zonulin serves as a biomarker for intestinal permeability. We sought to explore the changes in plasma zonulin levels in patients with HSCR and to assess its predictive role in the development of postoperative Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis (HAEC).

Methods: There are 60 patients with HSCR were recruited for this study, categorized into short-segment disease (S-HSCR) (n=33), long-segment disease (L-HSCR) (n=15), and total colonic aganglionosis (TCA) (n=12). Venous blood samples were taken from all participants before and after pull-through surgery. Plasma concentrations of zonulin were determined using an ELISA. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis was conducted to evaluate the expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin in colonic tissues. Hematoxylin and Eosin stained (H&E-stained) sections were used to evaluate the degree of inflammation in the dilated (ganglionic) segment. Postoperative outcomes were assessed through a combination of online questionnaires and telephone interviews. Diagnostic threshold for HAEC was based on clinical symptom sets and the HAEC scoring system developed previously.

Results: Preoperative zonulin levels in patients with TCA were statistically lower than those in patients with S-HSCR (p=0.008) and L-HSCR (p=0.028). The incidence of postoperative HAEC was 16.7%, 57.1%, and 14.3% in TCA, L-HSCR, and S-HSCR groups, respectively. Patients who experienced an increase in plasma zonulin levels of more than 1.5 times those on the first day after surgery had a higher risk of developing HAEC (p=0.005). IHC staining further confirmed decreased expression of ZO-1 and occludin in colonic tissues of patients with HSCR who experienced postoperative HAEC.

Conclusion: Preoperative zonulin levels were lowest in the TCA group. The change in zonulin levels on the first day after surgery can serve as a useful indicator for predicting the risk of postoperative HAEC occurrence.