Lithium Disilicate Ceramics Pretreated With Ti: Sapphire fs, Er; Cr: YSGG, and Er: YAG Lasers: A Study on Mechanical Properties, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, Color Alterations, and Surface Topography

IF 2.1 3区工程技术 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY

Microscopy Research and Technique Pub Date : 2025-07-07 DOI:10.1002/jemt.70032

Saud Ali Alqahtani, Ali Y. Alsaeed, Saeed M. Alqahtani, Shaheryar Shafqat, Muhammad Omar Niaz, Yusra Ishtiaque, Eisha Abrar

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Abstract

To assess the efficiency of Er; Cr: YSGG laser (ECL), Er: YAG laser (EYL), and the Ti: sapphire femtosecond laser (TsFL) in terms of color change (ΔE) measured by a spectrophotometer, surface topography observed through SEM, surface roughness (Ra), and bond strength of Lithium disilicate glass–ceramic (LDC) to resin cement. A total of 84 LDC disks were manufactured and assigned randomly into four groups. Group 1-HFA treated, Group 2 treated with TsFL, Group 3 with EYL, and Group 4 with ECL. Each disk was coated with a silane coupling agent. Surface profiling of the LDC disc was evaluated via SEM and Ra was measured using a profilometer. The ΔE values were determined using the CIE L*a*b* system. Adhesive luting cement was applied to 10 samples from each group, followed by thermocycling to simulate aging. Shear bond strength (SBS) was assessed, and failure modes were inspected following SBS. ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test were used for the comparison of means and SD among groups. The highest ΔE was observed in the control HFA (4.23 ± 1.02) treated group. Whereas, Group 2 TsFL (2.22 ± 1.11) pretreated samples displayed the lowest ΔE. Ra and SBS analysis unveiled that the maximum score of Ra (1155.01 ± 1.43 μm) and SBS (10.28 ± 0.17 MPa) was observed in Group 2 TsFL. Group 4 (ECL) conditioned discs showed the lowest Ra (1015.41 ± 1.31 μm) and bond integrity (8.15 ± 0.16 MPa). The TsFL serves as an effective alternative to traditional surface preparation methods as it enhances the mechanical properties of LDC (SBS and Ra) with no susceptible change in ΔE.

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Ti：蓝宝石fs， Er预处理二硅酸锂陶瓷Cr: YSGG和Er: YAG激光器：力学性能、能量色散光谱、颜色变化和表面形貌的研究。

评估Er的效率；Cr: YSGG激光（ECL）、Er: YAG激光（EYL）和Ti：蓝宝石飞秒激光（TsFL）在分光光度计测量的颜色变化（ΔE）、SEM观察的表面形貌、表面粗糙度（Ra）和二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷（LDC）与树脂水泥的结合强度。共生产了84个LDC磁盘，并随机分为四组。1-HFA组治疗，2组治疗TsFL， 3组治疗EYL， 4组治疗ECL。每个圆盘涂有硅烷偶联剂。通过扫描电镜评估了LDC圆盘的表面轮廓，并使用轮廓仪测量了Ra。ΔE值采用CIE L*a*b*系统确定。每组各取10个样品，采用胶粘剂水泥，热循环模拟老化。评估了剪切粘结强度（SBS），并检查了SBS后的破坏模式。组间均数和标准差比较采用方差分析和Tukey’s事后检验。对照组HFA组最高ΔE（4.23±1.02）。而TsFL预处理组2（2.22±1.11）含量最低ΔE。Ra和SBS分析结果显示，TsFL 2组Ra评分最高（1155.01±1.43 μm）， SBS评分最高（10.28±0.17 MPa）。第4组（ECL）调节后的膜片Ra最低（1015.41±1.31 μm），粘结完整性最低（8.15±0.16 MPa）。TsFL可以有效地替代传统的表面制备方法，因为它可以提高LDC （SBS和Ra）的力学性能，并且不会对ΔE产生敏感变化。

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来源期刊

Microscopy Research and Technique 医学-解剖学与形态学

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

20.00%

发文量

233

审稿时长

4.7 months

期刊介绍： Microscopy Research and Technique (MRT) publishes articles on all aspects of advanced microscopy original architecture and methodologies with applications in the biological, clinical, chemical, and materials sciences. Original basic and applied research as well as technical papers dealing with the various subsets of microscopy are encouraged. MRT is the right form for those developing new microscopy methods or using the microscope to answer key questions in basic and applied research.