[Cellular RNA-binding proteins during viral infection: known factors and new approaches to identify novel targets].

Abstract

Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that rely heavily on host components and metabolism to replicate their genome. Most of the emerging viruses responsible for recent epidemic have an RNA genome. This viral RNA serves both as a template for replication and as a messenger for the production of viral proteins. Interactions between viral RNA and host RNA-binding proteins play a crucial role in viral replication and immune evasion. Some RNA-binding proteins act as antiviral factors by recognizing and restricting foreign viral RNA, while others, once hijacked by the virus, support its replication. Identification these viral RNA-protein interactions is essential for the development of new antiviral strategies. This review explores the role of cellular RNA-binding proteins in the recognition, modification, and degradation of viral RNA, focusing on pathogenic human RNA viruses and new technologies for studying these interactions.