Inflammatory cardiomyopathy: a comprehensive review of biomarkers and future therapeutic perspectives.

Abstract

Myocardial inflammation is a hallmark of inflammatory cardiomyopathy, a heart condition that impairs heart function. This condition encompasses a variety of aetiologies including viral infections, autoimmune disorder, toxin exposures, etc which collectively contribute to its heterogeneity. The classification of ICM varies including Hypertrophic, inflammatory, dilated, left ventricular non-compaction, diabetic, restrictive, etc which are its notable subtypes central to the progression of ICM are inflammatory mechanisms such as cytokine release, immune cell activates, activation of Signalling pathways like NF-κB, NLRP3 inflammasome, etc. These pathways exacerbate inflammatory response & cause cardiac damage. Biomarkers like cardiac troponin- c reactive protein, etc are used for diagnosis &prognosis however, they possess some limitations including specificity & predictive value complicating their chemical utility. Emerging therapies after promising avenues for improved treatment outcomes clinical implications understand the necessity of timely diagnosis & personalised treatment approaches, emphasis the balance between immunosuppression & antiviral therapy. Future perspectives emphasise integrating omics technologies & advanced imaging for more precise diagnostics, alongside developing innovative treatments aimed at modulating inflammation without compromising cardiac function ongoing CT & research on novel molecular targets will likely expand the therapeutic landscape, offering hope for better management & prognosis of ICM.