Thermoacoustics of CVD graphene

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Applied Acoustics Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI:10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110920

E.V. Boyko , D.V. Smovzh , D.V. Sorokin , A.A. Pilnik , N.K. Maxim

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Abstract

For the first time, direct experimental evidence of the thermoacoustic effect is presented. The results of studies conducted using atomic force microscopy showed that the amplitude of mechanical vibrations of the thermoacoustic transducer does not exceed 161 nm at a sound pressure level of 65 dB at a distance of 2 cm and a frequency of 3 kHz. Mechanical oscillations with such an amplitude at the specified frequency cannot provide the observed level of sound pressure. This indicates that mechanical oscillations do not significantly contribute to the formation of the sound field generated by the thermoacoustic transducer based on a graphene-glass composite. Consequently, the primary mechanism of sound generation in the studied system is the thermoacoustic effect rather than mechanical vibrations of the substrate. It has also been established for the first time that the non-uniform heating and size of the CVD graphene crystallites influence the sound generation process only on scales comparable to the size of graphene crystallites and, under conditions typical for the use of graphene thermophones, do not have a decisive effect on the thermoacoustic effect.

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CVD石墨烯的热声学

本文首次提供了热声效应的直接实验证据。利用原子力显微镜进行的研究结果表明，在2 cm距离和3 kHz频率下，声压级为65 dB时，热声换能器的机械振动幅度不超过161 nm。在规定频率上具有这种振幅的机械振荡不能提供观测到的声压级。这表明机械振荡对基于石墨烯-玻璃复合材料的热声换能器产生的声场的形成没有显著的贡献。因此，在所研究的系统中，声音产生的主要机制是热声效应，而不是衬底的机械振动。该研究还首次证实，CVD石墨烯晶体的不均匀加热和尺寸仅在与石墨烯晶体尺寸相当的尺度上影响声音产生过程，并且在使用石墨烯热音器的典型条件下，对热声效应没有决定性影响。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Applied Acoustics 物理-声学

CiteScore

7.40

自引率

11.80%

发文量

618

审稿时长

7.5 months

期刊介绍： Since its launch in 1968, Applied Acoustics has been publishing high quality research papers providing state-of-the-art coverage of research findings for engineers and scientists involved in applications of acoustics in the widest sense. Applied Acoustics looks not only at recent developments in the understanding of acoustics but also at ways of exploiting that understanding. The Journal aims to encourage the exchange of practical experience through publication and in so doing creates a fund of technological information that can be used for solving related problems. The presentation of information in graphical or tabular form is especially encouraged. If a report of a mathematical development is a necessary part of a paper it is important to ensure that it is there only as an integral part of a practical solution to a problem and is supported by data. Applied Acoustics encourages the exchange of practical experience in the following ways: • Complete Papers • Short Technical Notes • Review Articles; and thereby provides a wealth of technological information that can be used to solve related problems. Manuscripts that address all fields of applications of acoustics ranging from medicine and NDT to the environment and buildings are welcome.