Biao Zhou , Xuyao Wang , Hideki Yoshioka , Kai Wang , Dezheng Wang , Xin Huang , Tao Chen , Yi Li
{"title":"Experimental and numerical study of suppression synergistic mechanism of Novec1230 and Trans-1233zd","authors":"Biao Zhou , Xuyao Wang , Hideki Yoshioka , Kai Wang , Dezheng Wang , Xin Huang , Tao Chen , Yi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103840","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Novec 1230 is considered to be the most promising halon alternative recently because of the low Global Warming Potential (GWP) and minimum extinguishing concentration (MEC). However, the fire suppression performance is believed to be strengthened with the mixed chemical gas agents. With an aim to prob the flame suppression effect of mixed fluorinated chemical gas, this study combined Novec 1230 and <em>trans</em>-1233zd, carried out a series of experiments, studied MEC, and proposed the potential synergistic mechanism between the two gases. The MEC is tested by using a bench scale of cup burner platform. When the volume fraction of <em>trans</em>-1233zd is 80 %, 60 %, 50 %, 40 % and 20 %, the MEC of the mixed chemical gas is 7.0 %, 6.5 %, 6.2 %, 5.9 % and 5.7 %. In addition, the synergistic effect model was calculated theoretically and set up on the basis of experimental results. The synergistic factor F has a minimum value of 0.94 when the volume fraction of <em>trans</em>-1233zd is 20%. The synergistic effect is found to be obvious because the experimental value is much lower than the theoretical value. Then, the study analyzed the synergistic mechanism between Novec 1230 and <em>trans</em>-1233zd at the molecular level using the Gaussian 16 code. The results showed that the reaction between the pyrolysis products of Novec 1230 and <em>trans</em>-1233zd produced more ·CF<sub>3</sub>, ·C<sub>2</sub>F<sub>5</sub> and ·C<sub>3</sub>F<sub>7</sub> groups, which helps to consume the free radicals in the fire scene and achieve the blocking of the chain reaction. This study provides valuable guidance for the application of Novec 1230 and new fluorine-containing gas mixture in fire extinguishing, which will be helpful for the research and development of new chemical gas fire extinguishing agents in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 103840"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451904925006316","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENERGY & FUELS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Novec 1230 is considered to be the most promising halon alternative recently because of the low Global Warming Potential (GWP) and minimum extinguishing concentration (MEC). However, the fire suppression performance is believed to be strengthened with the mixed chemical gas agents. With an aim to prob the flame suppression effect of mixed fluorinated chemical gas, this study combined Novec 1230 and trans-1233zd, carried out a series of experiments, studied MEC, and proposed the potential synergistic mechanism between the two gases. The MEC is tested by using a bench scale of cup burner platform. When the volume fraction of trans-1233zd is 80 %, 60 %, 50 %, 40 % and 20 %, the MEC of the mixed chemical gas is 7.0 %, 6.5 %, 6.2 %, 5.9 % and 5.7 %. In addition, the synergistic effect model was calculated theoretically and set up on the basis of experimental results. The synergistic factor F has a minimum value of 0.94 when the volume fraction of trans-1233zd is 20%. The synergistic effect is found to be obvious because the experimental value is much lower than the theoretical value. Then, the study analyzed the synergistic mechanism between Novec 1230 and trans-1233zd at the molecular level using the Gaussian 16 code. The results showed that the reaction between the pyrolysis products of Novec 1230 and trans-1233zd produced more ·CF3, ·C2F5 and ·C3F7 groups, which helps to consume the free radicals in the fire scene and achieve the blocking of the chain reaction. This study provides valuable guidance for the application of Novec 1230 and new fluorine-containing gas mixture in fire extinguishing, which will be helpful for the research and development of new chemical gas fire extinguishing agents in the future.
期刊介绍:
Thermal Science and Engineering Progress (TSEP) publishes original, high-quality research articles that span activities ranging from fundamental scientific research and discussion of the more controversial thermodynamic theories, to developments in thermal engineering that are in many instances examples of the way scientists and engineers are addressing the challenges facing a growing population – smart cities and global warming – maximising thermodynamic efficiencies and minimising all heat losses. It is intended that these will be of current relevance and interest to industry, academia and other practitioners. It is evident that many specialised journals in thermal and, to some extent, in fluid disciplines tend to focus on topics that can be classified as fundamental in nature, or are ‘applied’ and near-market. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress will bridge the gap between these two areas, allowing authors to make an easy choice, should they or a journal editor feel that their papers are ‘out of scope’ when considering other journals. The range of topics covered by Thermal Science and Engineering Progress addresses the rapid rate of development being made in thermal transfer processes as they affect traditional fields, and important growth in the topical research areas of aerospace, thermal biological and medical systems, electronics and nano-technologies, renewable energy systems, food production (including agriculture), and the need to minimise man-made thermal impacts on climate change. Review articles on appropriate topics for TSEP are encouraged, although until TSEP is fully established, these will be limited in number. Before submitting such articles, please contact one of the Editors, or a member of the Editorial Advisory Board with an outline of your proposal and your expertise in the area of your review.