Simulation model and performance evaluation of automated valet parking technologies in parking lots

IF 3.5 2区计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory Pub Date : 2025-07-06 DOI:10.1016/j.simpat.2025.103175

Ning Ma , Angjun Tang , Jingxin Hai , Fang Yuan

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Autonomous valet parking (AVP) is widely employed among parking lots and city logistics worldwide, expanding the applications of autonomous driving technologies. Auto companies are promoting three technology roadmaps to improve the implementation of AVP: AVP with autonomous driving system (AVP-ADS), AVP with Intelligent Infrastructure Systems (AVP-IS), and AVP with cooperative vehicle infrastructure systems (AVP-CVIS). Specifically, AVP-ADS can further be divided into LIDAR solution (AVP-ADS-LIDAR) and visual solution (AVP-ADS-VISUAL). This paper presents a simulation model to evaluate and compare the performances of AVP-CVIS, AVP-IS, AVP-ADS-LIDAR, AVP-ADS-VISUAL and Manual Parking (MP) in the real parking lot. The vehicle parking system is modeled as a discrete event simulation model, in which the controller module simulates driving behavior and defines the control logics of these three parking solutions. Extensive experiments are conducted and metrics are presented to evaluate the performance of these AVP technical solutions. The results indicate that AVP-CVIS exhibits more efficient parking performance. Management insights are provided to facilitate a more effective implementation of AVP.

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停车场自动代客泊车技术仿真模型及性能评价

自动代客泊车（AVP）在全球停车场和城市物流领域得到广泛应用，拓展了自动驾驶技术的应用领域。汽车公司正在推广三种技术路线图，以改善AVP的实施：AVP与自动驾驶系统（AVP- ads）， AVP与智能基础设施系统（AVP- is）， AVP与合作车辆基础设施系统（AVP- cvis）。具体来说，AVP-ADS可进一步分为激光雷达解决方案（AVP-ADS-LIDAR）和视觉解决方案（AVP-ADS- visual）。本文建立了仿真模型，对AVP-CVIS、AVP-IS、AVP-ADS-LIDAR、AVP-ADS-VISUAL和手动泊车（MP）在实际停车场中的性能进行了评价和比较。将车辆停车系统建模为离散事件仿真模型，其中控制器模块模拟驾驶行为，并定义这三种停车方案的控制逻辑。进行了大量的实验，并提出了指标来评估这些AVP技术解决方案的性能。结果表明，AVP-CVIS具有更高的停车效率。提供管理见解，以促进更有效地实施AVP。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 工程技术-计算机：跨学科应用

CiteScore

9.80

自引率

4.80%

发文量

142

审稿时长

21 days

期刊介绍： The journal Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory provides a forum for original, high-quality papers dealing with any aspect of systems simulation and modelling. The journal aims at being a reference and a powerful tool to all those professionally active and/or interested in the methods and applications of simulation. Submitted papers will be peer reviewed and must significantly contribute to modelling and simulation in general or use modelling and simulation in application areas. Paper submission is solicited on: • theoretical aspects of modelling and simulation including formal modelling, model-checking, random number generators, sensitivity analysis, variance reduction techniques, experimental design, meta-modelling, methods and algorithms for validation and verification, selection and comparison procedures etc.; • methodology and application of modelling and simulation in any area, including computer systems, networks, real-time and embedded systems, mobile and intelligent agents, manufacturing and transportation systems, management, engineering, biomedical engineering, economics, ecology and environment, education, transaction handling, etc.; • simulation languages and environments including those, specific to distributed computing, grid computing, high performance computers or computer networks, etc.; • distributed and real-time simulation, simulation interoperability; • tools for high performance computing simulation, including dedicated architectures and parallel computing.