Artificial intelligence, tasks, skills, and wages: Worker-level evidence from Germany

IF 7.5 1区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Research Policy Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI:10.1016/j.respol.2025.105285

Erik Engberg , Michael Koch , Magnus Lodefalk , Sarah Schroeder

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Abstract

This paper examines how new technologies are linked to changes in the content of work and individual wages. As a first step, it documents novel facts on task and skill changes within occupations over the past two decades in Germany. We furthermore reveal a distinct relationship between ex-ante occupational work content and ex-post exposure to artificial intelligence (AI) and automation (robots). Workers in occupations with high AI exposure perform different activities and face different skill requirements compared to workers in occupations exposed to robots, suggesting that robots and AI are substitutes for different activities and skills. We also document that changes in the task and skill content of occupations is related to ex-ante exposure to technologies. Finally, the study uses individual labour market biographies to investigate the relationship between AI and wages. By exploring the dynamic influence of AI exposure on individuals over time, the study uncovers positive associations with wages, with nuanced variations across occupational groups, thereby shedding further light on the substitutability and augmentability of AI.

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人工智能、任务、技能和工资：来自德国的工人层面证据

本文研究了新技术如何与工作内容和个人工资的变化联系在一起。作为第一步，它记录了过去二十年来德国职业中任务和技能变化的新事实。我们进一步揭示了事前职业工作内容与事后暴露于人工智能（AI）和自动化（机器人）之间的明显关系。与机器人接触较多的职业相比，人工智能接触较多的职业的工人从事不同的活动，面临不同的技能要求，这表明机器人和人工智能是不同活动和技能的替代品。我们还记录了职业任务和技能内容的变化与事前接触技术有关。最后，该研究利用个人劳动力市场传记来调查人工智能与工资之间的关系。通过探索人工智能暴露对个体的动态影响，该研究揭示了人工智能与工资的正相关关系，以及不同职业群体之间的细微差异，从而进一步揭示了人工智能的可替代性和可扩展性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Research Policy MANAGEMENT-

CiteScore

12.80

自引率

6.90%

发文量

182

期刊介绍： Research Policy (RP) articles explore the interaction between innovation, technology, or research, and economic, social, political, and organizational processes, both empirically and theoretically. All RP papers are expected to provide insights with implications for policy or management. Research Policy (RP) is a multidisciplinary journal focused on analyzing, understanding, and effectively addressing the challenges posed by innovation, technology, R&D, and science. This includes activities related to knowledge creation, diffusion, acquisition, and exploitation in the form of new or improved products, processes, or services, across economic, policy, management, organizational, and environmental dimensions.