Experimental and numerical study on enhanced cooling effectiveness for gas turbine blade leading edge with internal ridged swirl chamber and TPMS effusion holes

IF 2.6 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI:10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2025.109977

Qiuru Zuo , Yu Rao , Kirttayoth Yeranee

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The leading edge of gas turbine blades experiences the highest thermal loads and significant aerodynamic forces, making it a primary focus of cooling research. This study proposes a novel swirl cooling model featuring internal ridged walls and Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) effusion to enhance leading-edge cooling efficiency. Three comparative leading-edge cooling models are additively manufactured using Ti-6Al-4 V to achieve a Biot number of approximately 0.11, matching typical values in actual gas turbine operations. This ensures thermal similarity between the experimental models and engine conditions, which is essential for accurately capturing the combined effects of internal cooling and film cooling. The three models include normal jet impingement with cylindrical film cooling, ridged swirl cooling with cylindrical film cooling, and ridged swirl cooling with TPMS effusion. Infrared thermography is employed to evaluate overall cooling effectiveness across a blowing ratio range of 0.67 to 2.0. Experimental results reveal that normal jet impingement and ridged swirl cooling with cylindrical film holes concentrate cooling near the tip region due to the high coolant discharge from the film holes. In contrast, ridged swirl cooling with TPMS effusion provides the most uniform cooling distribution across the entire leading edge. Within the studied blowing ratio range, ridged swirl cooling with cylindrical film holes exhibits 6.5 %–7.8 % higher cooling effectiveness compared to normal jet impingement with film holes, while ridged swirl cooling with TPMS effusion achieves an even greater improvement of 8.8 %–16.8 %. Additionally, compared to ridged swirl cooling with film holes, ridged swirl cooling with TPMS effusion demonstrates a 2.1 %–9.3 % enhancement in cooling effectiveness. Moreover, TPMS effusion cooling achieves the lowest discharge coefficient while maintaining comparable total pressure loss to other models. The results indicate that TPMS effusion significantly enhances leading-edge cooling at a blowing ratio of 2.0. This improvement is attributed to the TPMS structure’s ability to avoid jet detachment commonly seen in conventional holes at high blowing ratios. Its porous geometry promotes uniform coolant ejection and lateral mixing, reducing jet momentum and enhancing surface attachment for improved cooling effectiveness. Increasing the porosity of the effusion holes may further improve cooling efficiency and reduce coolant pressure loss. A numerical analysis using the SST k-ω turbulence model is conducted to examine the leading-edge vortex structures. The results show that ridged swirl-film cooling suppresses flow development, reduces jet velocity, and modifies vortex structures to enhance thermal protection. The TPMS effusion further improves coolant distribution, enhances film uniformity, and increases wall coverage, leading to superior cooling performance.

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采用内脊状旋流室和TPMS射流孔的燃气轮机叶片前缘增强冷却效果的实验与数值研究

燃气轮机叶片的前缘承受着最高的热负荷和显著的空气动力，使其成为冷却研究的主要焦点。本研究提出了一种采用内脊壁面和三周期最小表面（TPMS）射流的新型涡流冷却模型，以提高前缘冷却效率。使用ti - 6al - 4v增材制造了三种比较前沿冷却模型，以实现约0.11的Biot数，与实际燃气轮机运行中的典型值相匹配。这确保了实验模型和发动机条件之间的热相似性，这对于准确捕获内部冷却和膜冷却的综合效果至关重要。三种模型分别为常规射流撞击柱膜冷却、脊状旋流冷却柱膜冷却和脊状旋流冷却TPMS射流。红外热像仪用于评估吹气比范围为0.67至2.0的整体冷却效果。实验结果表明，常规射流撞击和脊状旋流冷却由于膜孔排出的冷却剂量大，在叶尖区域附近发生了集中冷却。相比之下，脊状涡流冷却与TPMS射流提供了最均匀的冷却分布在整个前缘。在研究的吹气比范围内，采用柱状膜孔的脊状旋流冷却比采用膜孔的普通射流冷却效率提高6.5% ~ 7.8%，而采用TPMS射流的脊状旋流冷却效率提高了8.8% ~ 16.8%。此外，与采用膜孔的脊状旋流冷却相比，采用TPMS射流的脊状旋流冷却的冷却效率提高了2.1% - 9.3%。此外，TPMS射流冷却在保持与其他模型相当的总压损失的同时，实现了最低的排放系数。结果表明，吹气比为2.0时，TPMS射流显著增强了前缘冷却效果。这种改进归功于TPMS结构能够避免高吹气比下常规孔中常见的射流脱离。其多孔的几何结构促进了均匀的冷却剂喷射和横向混合，减少了射流动量，增强了表面附着，提高了冷却效果。增大渗液孔的孔隙率可以进一步提高冷却效率，减少冷却剂压力损失。采用SST k-ω湍流模型对前缘涡结构进行了数值分析。结果表明，脊状涡膜冷却抑制了流动发展，降低了射流速度，改变了涡结构，增强了热防护能力。TPMS的渗出进一步改善了冷却剂的分布，提高了膜的均匀性，增加了壁面覆盖率，从而获得了卓越的冷却性能。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow 工程技术-工程：机械

CiteScore

5.00

自引率

7.70%

发文量

131

审稿时长

33 days

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow welcomes high-quality original contributions on experimental, computational, and physical aspects of convective heat transfer and fluid dynamics relevant to engineering or the environment, including multiphase and microscale flows. Papers reporting the application of these disciplines to design and development, with emphasis on new technological fields, are also welcomed. Some of these new fields include microscale electronic and mechanical systems; medical and biological systems; and thermal and flow control in both the internal and external environment.