Progress in magnetically responsive cilia for surface applications: From engineering fabrication to functionality

IF 5.3 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology Pub Date : 2025-07-07 DOI:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132462

Wenrong Shen , Zhaoyang Zhang , Kun Xu , Hao Zhu , Shuai Yang , Jiabei Zhang , Jingtao Wang , Yang Liu , Chaolong Jin

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Abstract

Magnetically responsive ciliary systems, inspired by biological cilia, exhibit characteristics such as contactless actuation, high-precision control, and environmental adaptability. Potential applications are found in several areas, such as biomedicine, environmental engineering, and flexible electronics. This review begins by systematically organizing its biological foundation, analyzing the working mechanisms of natural cilia in motion propulsion, surface cleaning, and environmental sensing. It then elaborates in detail on the design strategies of polymer-based magnetic composite materials and micro-nano manufacturing techniques, with a focus on structural design methods. By establishing magnetic-force coupling mathematical models and multi-physical field simulations, the dynamic response mechanisms of the cilia arrays are revealed. Furthermore, the innovative applications of these principles in superhydrophobic interface manipulation, soft robotics, and intelligent sensing systems are summarized. Finally, this review concludes with an overview of the current limitations of magnetically responsive cilia and perspectives for future advancements. This work aims to provide a comprehensive and systematic reference for the integrated material-structure-function design of magnetically responsive cilia.

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表面磁响应纤毛的研究进展：从工程制造到功能性

受生物纤毛启发，磁响应纤毛系统具有非接触驱动、高精度控制和环境适应性等特点。潜在的应用在几个领域，如生物医学，环境工程和柔性电子。本文首先系统梳理其生物学基础，分析天然纤毛在运动推进、表面清洁和环境感知等方面的工作机制。然后详细阐述了聚合物基磁性复合材料的设计策略和微纳米制造技术，重点介绍了结构设计方法。通过建立磁力耦合数学模型和多物理场仿真，揭示了纤毛阵列的动态响应机理。此外，总结了这些原理在超疏水界面操作、软机器人和智能传感系统中的创新应用。最后，本综述总结了磁响应纤毛目前的局限性和对未来发展的展望。本工作旨在为磁响应纤毛的材料-结构-功能一体化设计提供全面、系统的参考。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Surface & Coatings Technology 工程技术-材料科学：膜

CiteScore

10.00

自引率

11.10%

发文量

921

审稿时长

19 days

期刊介绍： Surface and Coatings Technology is an international archival journal publishing scientific papers on significant developments in surface and interface engineering to modify and improve the surface properties of materials for protection in demanding contact conditions or aggressive environments, or for enhanced functional performance. Contributions range from original scientific articles concerned with fundamental and applied aspects of research or direct applications of metallic, inorganic, organic and composite coatings, to invited reviews of current technology in specific areas. Papers submitted to this journal are expected to be in line with the following aspects in processes, and properties/performance: A. Processes: Physical and chemical vapour deposition techniques, thermal and plasma spraying, surface modification by directed energy techniques such as ion, electron and laser beams, thermo-chemical treatment, wet chemical and electrochemical processes such as plating, sol-gel coating, anodization, plasma electrolytic oxidation, etc., but excluding painting. B. Properties/performance: friction performance, wear resistance (e.g., abrasion, erosion, fretting, etc), corrosion and oxidation resistance, thermal protection, diffusion resistance, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, and properties relevant to smart materials behaviour and enhanced multifunctional performance for environmental, energy and medical applications, but excluding device aspects.