Optimization research on hot spot effect algorithm of PV module based on MPPT control – Taking the main building of a university in Kunming as an example

Abstract

Rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems, as a type of distributed PV, is limited by the roof area, and it is important to perform geometric layout optimization to enhance economic efficiency. In this study, we proposed a strategy of controllable shadow occlusion to optimize the layout scheme of PV panels, aiming to maximize the net income of power generation and use the algorithm to optimize the hot spot problem of PV modules. The results show when the local shading is 4/16 S, PV panels exhibit optimal economic performance when installed at 24°. Compared to the original layout scheme, the 25-year total power generated by the PV system increased by 31.42 %, and net income increased to 0.9495 million yuan from 0.8116 million yuan. Based on the optimal layout scheme, the grey wolf optimization algorithm combined with Logistic chaotic sequence (LGWO) is employed to optimize the issue of power transmission efficiency instability and hot spots in the PV system caused by partial shading. LGWO demonstrates better performance in terms of power tracking efficiency and time, which can avoid a local optimal solution, compared to the cuckoo search algorithm (CSA) and the particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO). The averaged tracking time is increased by 0.85 s and 1.04 s, and the efficiency is increased by 0.22 % and 0.07 %. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. Therefore, this study provides a feasible approach for optimizing the layout of rooftop PV and ensuring the efficient and stable operation of PV cells.