{"title":"Dynamic calibration of low-cost PM2.5 sensors using trust-based consensus mechanisms","authors":"Sachit Mahajan, Dirk Helbing","doi":"10.1038/s41612-025-01145-2","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Low-cost particulate matter (PM) sensors enable high-resolution urban air quality monitoring but face challenges from offsets, scaling mismatches, and drift. We propose an <i>adaptive</i> trust-based calibration framework that first corrects systematic errors and then dynamically adjusts model complexity based on sensor reliability. Extensive simulations and real-world deployment in Zurich, Switzerland validate the approach. Each sensor’s trust score integrates four indicators: accuracy, stability, responsiveness, and consensus alignment. High-trust sensors receive minimal correction, preserving baseline accuracy, while low-trust sensors leverage expanded wavelet-based features and deeper models. Results show mean absolute error (MAE) reductions of up to 68% for poorly performing sensors and 35–38% for reliable ones, outperforming conventional calibration methods. By using trust-weighted consensus, the framework reduces dependence on large training datasets and frequent re-calibrations, ensuring scalability. These findings demonstrate that dynamic, trust-driven calibration can substantially enhance low-cost sensor network accuracy across both controlled scenarios and complex real-world environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01145-2","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Low-cost particulate matter (PM) sensors enable high-resolution urban air quality monitoring but face challenges from offsets, scaling mismatches, and drift. We propose an adaptive trust-based calibration framework that first corrects systematic errors and then dynamically adjusts model complexity based on sensor reliability. Extensive simulations and real-world deployment in Zurich, Switzerland validate the approach. Each sensor’s trust score integrates four indicators: accuracy, stability, responsiveness, and consensus alignment. High-trust sensors receive minimal correction, preserving baseline accuracy, while low-trust sensors leverage expanded wavelet-based features and deeper models. Results show mean absolute error (MAE) reductions of up to 68% for poorly performing sensors and 35–38% for reliable ones, outperforming conventional calibration methods. By using trust-weighted consensus, the framework reduces dependence on large training datasets and frequent re-calibrations, ensuring scalability. These findings demonstrate that dynamic, trust-driven calibration can substantially enhance low-cost sensor network accuracy across both controlled scenarios and complex real-world environments.
期刊介绍:
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science is an open-access journal encompassing the relevant physical, chemical, and biological aspects of atmospheric and climate science. The journal places particular emphasis on regional studies that unveil new insights into specific localities, including examinations of local atmospheric composition, such as aerosols.
The range of topics covered by the journal includes climate dynamics, climate variability, weather and climate prediction, climate change, ocean dynamics, weather extremes, air pollution, atmospheric chemistry (including aerosols), the hydrological cycle, and atmosphere–ocean and atmosphere–land interactions. The journal welcomes studies employing a diverse array of methods, including numerical and statistical modeling, the development and application of in situ observational techniques, remote sensing, and the development or evaluation of new reanalyses.