{"title":"Gender-based violence and associated factors among women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Berhanu Wale Yirdaw, Bimrew Bayuh Yimer","doi":"10.1186/s12905-025-03867-0","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gender-based violence (GBV) is a significant public health and human rights issue globally. In Ethiopia, the true extent and associated factors of GBV among women remain inadequately synthesized. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of GBV and identify its associated factors among women in Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search of literatures was conducted using PubMed, Medline, HINARI, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google scholar from November 10, 2024 to November 30, 2024 following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Additional studies were searched using a reference of identified articles. Studies reporting the prevalence of GBV and associated factors among women in Ethiopia were included. Data were extracted using a standardized form and the quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Inspection of the Funnel plot and Egger's test were used to evaluate the evidence of publication bias. The heterogeneity of the included studies was evaluated using Cochrane Q and I2 test. A random effects meta-analysis was computed to determine the pooled estimate of gender-based violence using STATA 17.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 19 studies with 23,787 study participants were included in this review. The meta-analysis showed that the pooled prevalence of gender-based violence among women is 51.34% (95% CI: 44.48-58.19). Factors significantly associated with GBV included monthly pocket money received from their parents, urban residence, experience of sexual intercourse, young age, alcohol consumption, being single in marital status, tight family control and number of sexual partners.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of gender-based violence among women is found to be high, which is a significant concern. Identified associated factors highlight potential areas for targeted interventions and prevention strategies. Further research is needed to understand the complex interplay of these factors and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions.</p><p><strong>Prospero registration number: </strong>CRD42024619618.</p>","PeriodicalId":9204,"journal":{"name":"BMC Women's Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"312"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12231912/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"BMC Women's Health","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-025-03867-0","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Gender-based violence (GBV) is a significant public health and human rights issue globally. In Ethiopia, the true extent and associated factors of GBV among women remain inadequately synthesized. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of GBV and identify its associated factors among women in Ethiopia.
Methods: A comprehensive search of literatures was conducted using PubMed, Medline, HINARI, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google scholar from November 10, 2024 to November 30, 2024 following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Additional studies were searched using a reference of identified articles. Studies reporting the prevalence of GBV and associated factors among women in Ethiopia were included. Data were extracted using a standardized form and the quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Inspection of the Funnel plot and Egger's test were used to evaluate the evidence of publication bias. The heterogeneity of the included studies was evaluated using Cochrane Q and I2 test. A random effects meta-analysis was computed to determine the pooled estimate of gender-based violence using STATA 17.
Results: A total of 19 studies with 23,787 study participants were included in this review. The meta-analysis showed that the pooled prevalence of gender-based violence among women is 51.34% (95% CI: 44.48-58.19). Factors significantly associated with GBV included monthly pocket money received from their parents, urban residence, experience of sexual intercourse, young age, alcohol consumption, being single in marital status, tight family control and number of sexual partners.
Conclusion: The prevalence of gender-based violence among women is found to be high, which is a significant concern. Identified associated factors highlight potential areas for targeted interventions and prevention strategies. Further research is needed to understand the complex interplay of these factors and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions.
背景：基于性别的暴力（GBV）是全球重大的公共卫生和人权问题。在埃塞俄比亚，妇女中性别暴力的真实程度和相关因素仍然没有得到充分综合。因此，本系统综述和荟萃分析旨在估计埃塞俄比亚妇女中性别暴力的总患病率，并确定其相关因素。方法：按照PRISMA （Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and meta - analysis）指南，综合检索2024年11月10日至30日期间PubMed、Medline、HINARI、EMBASE、Web of Science、Scopus和谷歌scholar等网站的文献。使用已识别文章的参考文献检索其他研究。报告了埃塞俄比亚妇女中性别暴力的流行及相关因素的研究。使用标准化表格提取数据，并使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表评估纳入研究的质量。采用漏斗图检验和Egger检验来评价发表偏倚的证据。采用Cochrane Q和I2检验评价纳入研究的异质性。使用STATA 17计算随机效应荟萃分析以确定基于性别的暴力的汇总估计。结果：本综述共纳入19项研究，涉及23,787名研究参与者。meta分析显示，女性性别暴力的总发生率为51.34% （95% CI: 44.48-58.19）。与性别暴力显著相关的因素包括每月从父母那里收到的零花钱、城市居住、性交经历、年龄小、饮酒、婚姻状况单身、严格的家庭控制和性伴侣数量。结论：基于性别的暴力在妇女中普遍存在，这是一个值得关注的问题。已确定的相关因素突出了有针对性的干预和预防战略的潜在领域。需要进一步的研究来了解这些因素的复杂相互作用，并评估干预措施的有效性。普洛斯彼罗注册号：CRD42024619618。
期刊介绍：
BMC Women''s Health is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that considers articles on all aspects of the health and wellbeing of adolescent girls and women, with a particular focus on the physical, mental, and emotional health of women in developed and developing nations. The journal welcomes submissions on women''s public health issues, health behaviours, breast cancer, gynecological diseases, mental health and health promotion.
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