Other autoimmune diseases and multiple sclerosis

Abstract

Introduction

This study explores the association between multiple sclerosis (MS) and other autoimmune diseases, including myasthenia gravis (MG), autoimmune encephalitis (AE), and demyelinating polyneuropathies such as combined central and peripheral demyelination (CCPD), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS).

Development

For each association, we discuss epidemiological data, clinical features, and therapeutic management strategies. The prevalence of MG is higher in patients with MS than in the general population. Certain MS treatments, such as alemtuzumab, may increase the risk of developing MG or AE. Among the most suitable therapeutic options for patients with coexisting MG or AE are azathioprine and rituximab. Antibody-mediated AE associated with MS is managed similarly to AE unrelated to MS. The association between MS and CIDP contributes to neurological disability and is likely underdiagnosed.

Conclusions

The coexistence of MS with other autoimmune diseases presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Awareness of the therapeutic options available for each association is essential in order to identify the most appropriate approach in each case. Early recognition and adequate management of these comorbidities may improve clinical outcomes and enhance patients’ quality of life.