Super enhancers as Drivers of Hallmarks of Cancer: From Oncogene Activation to Metastatic Progression.

Shuang Fan, Yihang Gao, Xinyu Dai, Hui Ma, Zecheng Yang
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Abstract

Super enhancers (SEs) are a special type of enhancer with a unique shape and mechanism that allows them to regulate cellular processes by exhibiting a more significant gene transcription regulatory role than conventional enhancers. Tumorigenesis and metastasis may result from cancer cells exploiting SEs and developing a transcriptional addiction to them. Furthermore, tumor development may result from the translocation, creation, deletion, or duplication of SEs. According to reports, SEs closely control several carcinogenic chemicals and pathways. SE-targeting inhibitors can inhibit oncogene transcription and work in concert with chemotherapeutic drugs to overcome treatment resistance. In this work, we reviewed that SEs are essential players in the development of tumors, including the activation of oncogenes, the induction of tumor angiogenesis, the activation of invasion and metastasis, the control of immune checkpoint genes, cancer immune escape, cancer stem cells, and resistance to treatment. Additionally, we examined the therapeutic strategy and significant SE inhibitors that are helpful in cancer therapy in this research. The limits of SEs in malignancies, both present and prospective, have been covered last.

超级增强剂作为癌症标志的驱动因素:从癌基因激活到转移进展。
超级增强子是一种特殊类型的增强子,具有独特的形状和机制,使其能够通过比传统增强子更显着的基因转录调节作用来调节细胞过程。肿瘤的发生和转移可能是由于癌细胞利用se并对其产生转录依赖。此外,肿瘤的发展可能是由SEs的易位、产生、删除或重复引起的。据报道,SEs密切控制着几种致癌化学物质和途径。se靶向抑制剂可以抑制癌基因转录,并与化疗药物协同工作以克服治疗耐药性。在这项工作中,我们回顾了SEs在肿瘤发展中的重要作用,包括癌基因的激活、肿瘤血管生成的诱导、侵袭和转移的激活、免疫检查点基因的控制、癌症免疫逃逸、癌症干细胞和对治疗的抵抗。此外,我们在本研究中检查了有助于癌症治疗的治疗策略和重要的SE抑制剂。se在恶性肿瘤中的局限性,无论是现在的还是未来的,已经在最后讨论过了。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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