Unleashing the power of the BCG vaccine in modulating viral immunity through heterologous protection: A scoping review.

IF 3.5 4区医学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-03 DOI:10.1080/21645515.2025.2521190

Thales A Campelo, Natália S Oliveira, Pedro F N Souza, Denis F G de-Oliveira, Cristiane C Frota, Paulo R Z Antas

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Abstract

The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, used against tuberculosis for a century, shows promise in protecting against viral infections through trained/innate immunity. This review maps clinical and preclinical studies on both parental (WT) and recombinant BCG (rBCG) against 17 common viruses. From 68 studies, BCG strains were found to enhance innate immune responses by reprogramming myeloid cells, leading to stronger responses to related infections. Sixteen rBCG candidates expressed viral antigens, activating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and stimulating antibody production specific to the viral antigens. However, challenges like genetic stability and varied efficacy among BCG strains remain. The review highlights the potential of BCG, especially rBCG, as a multivalent vaccine platform for immunization campaigns, with significant public health implications. More translational studies and clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings.

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释放卡介苗通过异源保护调节病毒免疫的力量：范围综述。

卡介苗（Bacillus calmetter - gusamrin， BCG）用于防治结核病已有一个世纪，它有望通过训练/先天免疫来预防病毒感染。本文综述了亲代卡介苗（WT）和重组卡介苗（rBCG）对17种常见病毒的临床和临床前研究。从68项研究中发现，卡介苗菌株通过重新编程骨髓细胞来增强先天免疫反应，导致对相关感染的更强反应。16种候选rBCG表达病毒抗原，激活CD4+和CD8+ T细胞，并刺激产生针对病毒抗原的抗体。然而，卡介苗菌株之间的遗传稳定性和疗效差异等挑战仍然存在。该综述强调了卡介苗，特别是rBCG作为免疫运动多价疫苗平台的潜力，具有重大的公共卫生意义。需要更多的转化研究和临床试验来证实这些发现。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY-IMMUNOLOGY

CiteScore

7.90

自引率

8.30%

发文量

489

审稿时长

3-6 weeks

期刊介绍： (formerly Human Vaccines; issn 1554-8619) Vaccine research and development is extending its reach beyond the prevention of bacterial or viral diseases. There are experimental vaccines for immunotherapeutic purposes and for applications outside of infectious diseases, in diverse fields such as cancer, autoimmunity, allergy, Alzheimer’s and addiction. Many of these vaccines and immunotherapeutics should become available in the next two decades, with consequent benefit for human health. Continued advancement in this field will benefit from a forum that can (A) help to promote interest by keeping investigators updated, and (B) enable an exchange of ideas regarding the latest progress in the many topics pertaining to vaccines and immunotherapeutics. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics provides such a forum. It is published monthly in a format that is accessible to a wide international audience in the academic, industrial and public sectors.