Exploring Mechanistic Insights by Carotenoids in Neuropathic and Inflammatory Pain.

Abstract

Chronic pain, characterized by persistent discomfort and reduced quality of life, poses a significant challenge for individuals. Chronic pain is predominantly divided into central neuropathic pain, peripheral neuropathic pain, and inflammatory pain. Considering the multiple dysregulated pathways behind such pain conditions, researchers are exploring new multi-target agents that offer enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects of the present drugs. Carotenoids are natural pigments with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties found in various fruits, vegetables, and seafood. Through their mechanisms of action, carotenoids have shown promising efficacy in alleviating pain hypersensitivity, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, and modulating pain-related signaling pathways. This comprehensive review delves into the potential of carotenoids and their derivatives as natural nutraceuticals for managing inflammation and relieving pain. In the current study, the mechanisms of action by which carotenoids exert their beneficial effects during preclinical and clinical studies are provided. This review could pave the road for the application of carotenoids for more pain-related clinical trials and further applications.