Exploring conjugated microporous polymers for hydrogen storage: A review of current advances

Abstract

Hydrogen (H₂) is a promising fuel for decarbonization, yet its storage remains challenging. Its low density, low boiling point, and high volatility necessitate high-pressure containment, cryogenic temperatures, or expensive materials—raising safety and cost concerns. Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) are unique organic porous materials that combine π-conjugated frameworks with permanent nanopores, offering potential for H₂ storage. Recent advances in chemical reactions, building blocks, and synthetic techniques have produced diverse CMPs with distinct structures and properties. This review discusses various synthesis and characterization methods, providing insights and recommendations for researchers aiming to tailor these materials. It also consolidates and compares CMPs evaluated for H₂ storage in different studies, serving as a valuable reference for future research.