Glycosaminoglycan depletion lowers the crack resistance of articular cartilage under impact loading

IF 3.3 2区 医学 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL
Ke Ren , Fenghua Zhao , Natalia K. Tzaneti , Hans J. Kaper , Prashant K. Sharma
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Abstract

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative and debilitating disorder affecting diarthrodial joints, where articular cartilage degeneration occurs due to simultaneous, enzymatic degradation and mechanical damage through crack initiation and propagation. Healthy cartilage is effective in absorbing impact loads and resists cracking but physical impact beyond a certain high energy is considered as the critical reason for initiation and propagation of cracks. Enzymatic degradation destroys the molecular structure of cartilage affecting its biomechanical properties and is bound to affect its crack resistance. This research aims to explore the conditions associated with crack initiation in healthy bovine cartilage through indirect assessment of absorbed impact energy, and to determine the influence of enzymatic degradation on cartilage cracking. Cartilage cracks are characterized by length, number of branches and endpoints. Bovine cartilage enzymatic degradation was achieved through treatment with chondroitinase ABC, which reduces the cartilage glucosamine glycan (GAG) content. A drop tower impact test (stainless steel ball-bovine cartilage plug) was applied to evaluate the absolute energy absorption capacity of the cartilage. In contrast, the pendulum test was designed to better replicate a physiological scenario—specifically, cartilage-on-cartilage contact from a massive collision. The absorbed impacting energy by both sides together was obtained in this case. Due to the depletion of GAGs by chondroitinase ABC, the digested cartilage showed more severe cracks under the same impact energy as healthy cartilage. Also single cracks formed from parallel to 45° to perpendicular to the collagen fibers orientation on both cartilage groups.

Abstract Image

糖胺聚糖耗竭降低了关节软骨在冲击载荷下的抗裂性
骨关节炎是一种影响腹泻关节的退行性和衰弱性疾病,其中关节软骨退行性变性是由于酶降解和裂纹萌生和扩展的机械损伤同时发生的。健康软骨能有效吸收冲击载荷,抗开裂,但超过一定高能量的物理冲击被认为是裂纹萌生和扩展的关键原因。酶降解破坏软骨的分子结构,影响其生物力学性能,势必影响其抗裂性。本研究旨在通过间接评估吸收的冲击能,探索健康牛软骨开裂的相关条件,并确定酶降解对软骨开裂的影响。软骨裂缝的特征是长度,分支和端点的数量。用软骨素酶ABC处理牛软骨实现酶降解,降低软骨氨基葡萄糖聚糖(GAG)含量。采用跌落塔冲击试验(不锈钢球-牛软骨塞)评价软骨的绝对吸能能力。相比之下,摆试验的设计是为了更好地复制生理场景,特别是大规模碰撞时软骨与软骨之间的接触。在这种情况下,得到了双方共同吸收的冲击能。由于GAGs被软骨素酶ABC消耗,在相同的冲击能量下,消化后的软骨出现比健康软骨更严重的裂纹。在两组软骨上形成从平行到45°到垂直于胶原纤维方向的单裂纹。
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来源期刊
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 工程技术-材料科学:生物材料
CiteScore
7.20
自引率
7.70%
发文量
505
审稿时长
46 days
期刊介绍: The Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials is concerned with the mechanical deformation, damage and failure under applied forces, of biological material (at the tissue, cellular and molecular levels) and of biomaterials, i.e. those materials which are designed to mimic or replace biological materials. The primary focus of the journal is the synthesis of materials science, biology, and medical and dental science. Reports of fundamental scientific investigations are welcome, as are articles concerned with the practical application of materials in medical devices. Both experimental and theoretical work is of interest; theoretical papers will normally include comparison of predictions with experimental data, though we recognize that this may not always be appropriate. The journal also publishes technical notes concerned with emerging experimental or theoretical techniques, letters to the editor and, by invitation, review articles and papers describing existing techniques for the benefit of an interdisciplinary readership.
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