Maternal Emotion Coaching and Child Emotion Regulation: Within-Interaction Sequences in Early Childhood.

IF 2.1 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY
Affective science Pub Date : 2025-01-11 eCollection Date: 2025-06-01 DOI:10.1007/s42761-024-00285-7
Danhua Zhu, Fantasy T Lozada, Cynthia L Smith, Martha Ann Bell, Julie C Dunsmore
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Abstract

Emotion socialization is a dynamic transactional process that unfolds at the moment during parent-child interactions. To better understand these transactions (both parent-driven and child-driven) in early childhood, we conducted a lag-sequential analysis examining sequential contingency between maternal emotion coaching and child emotion regulation at ages 3 and 4 years. Mother-child dyads in the southeastern United States (N = 208 for age 3 timepoint [101 boys, 107 girls] and 227 for age 4 timepoint [115 boys, 112 girls]) participated in a laboratory etch-a-sketch task, which was videorecorded and later observationally coded for maternal coaching of both positive and negative emotions and for child emotion regulation (indexed as compliance, engagement, and low frustration) at 30-s intervals. At age 3, we found two reciprocal sequences: (1) When mothers coached positive emotions, children were subsequently more likely to show compliance, and when children complied, mothers were subsequently more likely to coach their positive emotions; (2) when mothers coached negative emotions, children were subsequently more likely to display frustration, and when children showed frustration, mothers were subsequently more likely to coach their negative emotions. At age 4, we only found parent-driven, positive emotion-related sequences: when mothers coached positive emotions, children were subsequently more likely to show compliance and engagement. Findings shed light on the distinct functions of positive and negative emotions as well as the intricacy of dynamic emotion socialization transactions in relation to child emotion regulation during early childhood.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42761-024-00285-7.

母亲情绪辅导与儿童情绪调节:幼儿期的内在互动序列。
情感社会化是一个动态的交易过程,在亲子互动的当下展开。为了更好地理解这些交易(父母驱动和儿童驱动)在儿童早期,我们进行了滞后序列分析,考察了3岁和4岁时母亲情绪指导和儿童情绪调节之间的序列偶然性。美国东南部的母子二人组(3岁时间点为208人[101名男孩,107名女孩],4岁时间点为227人[115名男孩,112名女孩])参加了一项实验室蚀刻草图任务,该任务被记录下来,随后观察编码,每30秒进行一次母亲对积极和消极情绪的指导,以及儿童情绪调节(以依从性、参与度和低挫折感为指标)。在3岁时,我们发现了两个相互作用的序列:(1)当母亲指导积极情绪时,孩子随后更有可能表现出顺从;当孩子顺从时,母亲随后更有可能指导他们的积极情绪;(2)当母亲引导消极情绪时,孩子随后更容易表现出挫败感;当孩子表现出挫败感时,母亲随后更容易指导他们的消极情绪。在4岁时,我们只发现了父母驱动的积极情绪相关序列:当母亲引导积极情绪时,孩子随后更有可能表现出顺从和参与。研究结果揭示了积极情绪和消极情绪的不同功能,以及动态情绪社会化交易在儿童早期情绪调节中的复杂性。补充资料:在线版本包含补充资料,下载地址:10.1007/s42761-024-00285-7。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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CiteScore
4.40
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