A hybrid renewable energy system with advanced control strategies for improved grid stability and power quality.

Abstract

The global shift toward Renewable Energy Systems (RESs) has gained momentum due to their environmental benefits over traditional fossil fuel-based power generation. However, integrating RESs-such as wind turbines and photovoltaic systems-into the utility grid introduces significant technical challenges. These challenges stem from the nonlinear characteristics, intermittent nature, and inherent uncertainties of RESs. High penetration levels of RESs exacerbate issues such as inadequate generation reserves, elevated fault currents, increased system uncertainties, and degraded power quality. The unpredictable and energy-dilute nature of wind and solar resources further complicates grid stability and control. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a hybrid RES architecture integrated with the grid, enhanced by advanced control strategies to improve system performance. The proposed framework incorporates cutting-edge technologies, including Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS), fault current limiters, and energy storage systems, to mitigate technical barriers and ensure stable grid operation. The system design and performance evaluation are conducted through comprehensive software simulations using Python and Power System Simulation for Engineering (PSSE). Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in enhancing grid stability, power quality, and fault resilience under high-RES penetration scenarios. The proposed strategy reduces THD to 1.8% (vs. 3.1% for conventional PI control), limits voltage fluctuations to ± 2.1%, and maintains frequency deviations within ± 0.1 Hz-outperforming both IEEE 519 and EN 50,160 standards. Comparative analysis shows 40% faster settling times than MPC-based approaches. This study provides a robust solution for the seamless integration of RESs into modern power systems, paving the way for a sustainable energy future.