Associations of metabolic obesity phenotypes with cognitive aging in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY

Journal of affective disorders Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI:10.1016/j.jad.2025.119789

Yihui Li , Lei Yan , Pingting Yang , Jiangang Wang

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Abstract

Context

Previous research has demonstrated that metabolic abnormalities accelerate cognitive aging. Although obesity is closely linked to metabolic disorders, it exhibits considerable heterogeneity depending on an individual's metabolic status. However, the relationship between this metabolic heterogeneity in obesity and cognitive aging remains unclear.

Objective

We aimed to analyze the effects of various metabolic obesity phenotypes on cognitive aging.

Methods

A total of 7521 participants aged over 45 years from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were included. Cognitive function was evaluated through both episodic memory and executive function. The relationship between different metabolic obesity phenotypes and cognitive aging was analyzed using linear mixed models, based on baseline metabolic obesity phenotypes: metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW), metabolically healthy overweight/obesity (MHOO), metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW), and metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity (MUOO).

Results

Compared with MHNW, MUNW was associated with accelerated aging of global cognitive function (β = −0.007, 95 % CI: −0.013 to −0.001) and episodic memory (β = −0.008, 95 % CI: −0.016 to −0.001). In contrast, MHOO was associated with a slower decline in episodic memory (β = 0.011, 95 % CI: 0.002 to 0.020). However, none of the metabolic obesity phenotypes showed significant differences in executive function decline compared to MHNW.

Conclusions

Overall, the MUNW phenotype was associated with accelerated aging of global cognitive function and episodic memory, while the MHOO phenotype was associated with a slower decline in episodic memory compared to MHNW. The MUOO group did not differ significantly from MHNW in the three dimensions of cognitive aging.

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中国中老年人代谢性肥胖表型与认知衰老的关系

背景：先前的研究表明，代谢异常会加速认知衰老。虽然肥胖与代谢紊乱密切相关，但根据个体的代谢状态，它表现出相当大的异质性。然而，肥胖的这种代谢异质性与认知衰老之间的关系尚不清楚。目的：分析不同代谢型肥胖对认知衰老的影响。方法：从中国健康与退休纵向研究（CHARLS）中纳入7521名年龄在45岁以上 的参与者。认知功能通过情景记忆和执行功能进行评估。基于代谢肥胖的基线表型：代谢健康正常体重（MHNW）、代谢健康超重/肥胖（MHOO）、代谢不健康正常体重（MUNW）和代谢不健康超重/肥胖（MUOO），采用线性混合模型分析不同代谢肥胖表型与认知衰老的关系。结果：与MHNW相比，MUNW与全球认知功能（β = -0.007,95 % CI: -0.013至-0.001）和情景记忆（β = -0.008,95 % CI: -0.016至-0.001）加速衰老相关。相比之下，MHOO与情节记忆的缓慢下降有关（β = 0.011,95 % CI: 0.002至0.020）。然而，与MHNW相比，代谢性肥胖表型在执行功能下降方面没有显着差异。结论：总的来说，MUNW表型与全局认知功能和情景记忆的加速老化有关，而MHOO表型与MHNW相比与情景记忆的缓慢下降有关。在认知衰老的三个维度上，MUOO组与MHNW组无显著差异。

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来源期刊

Journal of affective disorders 医学-精神病学

CiteScore

10.90

自引率

6.10%

发文量

1319

审稿时长

9.3 weeks

期刊介绍： The Journal of Affective Disorders publishes papers concerned with affective disorders in the widest sense: depression, mania, mood spectrum, emotions and personality, anxiety and stress. It is interdisciplinary and aims to bring together different approaches for a diverse readership. Top quality papers will be accepted dealing with any aspect of affective disorders, including neuroimaging, cognitive neurosciences, genetics, molecular biology, experimental and clinical neurosciences, pharmacology, neuroimmunoendocrinology, intervention and treatment trials.