Large differences between UK black carbon emission factors.

IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Adam Brighty, Iain Staffell, Helen ApSimon
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Abstract

Introduction: Black carbon (BC) is a pollutant that illustrates strong links between climate warming and adverse health effects from air pollution. No standardised measurement technique for BC emissions has been implemented, making emissions and estimates highly uncertain. In this study, we evaluate two UK-based BC emission factor databases calculated using two distinct.

Methods: the National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory (NAEI) and the Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies (GAINS) model database from IIASA. The scope of this investigation was limited to the 1 A (Fuel Consumption) NFR code, which comprised the largest BC-emitting activities in the UK. Comparisons were made between a reference NAEI value and a range of low (e.g., highest abatement, newest technology), medium, and high GAINS emission factors. The NAEI value sat outside the GAINS BC ranges across 64% of the selected 1 A sources, most evidently within industrial combustion. By comparison, PM2.5 and NOx emission factors within the same databases showed less frequent disagreement, with 26% and 46%, respectively, of the GAINS sources not overlapping with the NAEI reference. A complementary BC emissions estimate, using NAEI activity data, found the highest variance in emissions to be within industrial, domestic, and agricultural combustion sources. Overall, this paper highlights the need to understand the differences behind these BC emission factors and to bring them into closer alignment.

英国黑碳排放因子差异较大。
黑碳(BC)是一种污染物,表明气候变暖和空气污染对健康的不利影响之间存在密切联系。目前还没有实施对BC排放的标准化测量技术,这使得排放和估算高度不确定。在这项研究中,我们评估了两个基于英国的BC排放因子数据库,使用两个不同的。方法:利用美国国家大气排放清单(NAEI)和国际大气标准局(IIASA)的温室气体与空气污染相互作用和协同效应(GAINS)模型数据库。此次调查的范围仅限于A(燃料消耗)NFR代码,其中包括英国最大的bc排放活动。将参考NAEI值与一系列低(例如,最高减排量、最新技术)、中、高增益排放因子进行了比较。在选定的1a源中,64%的NAEI值位于GAINS BC之外,最明显的是在工业燃烧中。相比之下,同一数据库中的PM2.5和NOx排放因子差异较少,分别有26%和46%的gain来源与NAEI参考文献不重叠。利用NAEI活动数据进行的补充BC排放估计发现,工业、家庭和农业燃烧源的排放差异最大。总的来说,本文强调需要了解这些BC排放因子背后的差异,并使它们更接近一致。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Carbon Balance and Management
Carbon Balance and Management Environmental Science-Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
CiteScore
7.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
17
审稿时长
14 weeks
期刊介绍: Carbon Balance and Management is an open access, peer-reviewed online journal that encompasses all aspects of research aimed at developing a comprehensive policy relevant to the understanding of the global carbon cycle. The global carbon cycle involves important couplings between climate, atmospheric CO2 and the terrestrial and oceanic biospheres. The current transformation of the carbon cycle due to changes in climate and atmospheric composition is widely recognized as potentially dangerous for the biosphere and for the well-being of humankind, and therefore monitoring, understanding and predicting the evolution of the carbon cycle in the context of the whole biosphere (both terrestrial and marine) is a challenge to the scientific community. This demands interdisciplinary research and new approaches for studying geographical and temporal distributions of carbon pools and fluxes, control and feedback mechanisms of the carbon-climate system, points of intervention and windows of opportunity for managing the carbon-climate-human system. Carbon Balance and Management is a medium for researchers in the field to convey the results of their research across disciplinary boundaries. Through this dissemination of research, the journal aims to support the work of the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) and to provide governmental and non-governmental organizations with instantaneous access to continually emerging knowledge, including paradigm shifts and consensual views.
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