Finite Size Effects on Seismicity Induced by Fluid Injection in a Discrete Fault Network With Rate-and-State Friction

IF 3.9 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS
Taeho Kim, Kyungjae Im, Jean-Philippe Avouac
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Abstract

The seismicity rate model of J. Dieterich (1994, https://doi.org/10.1029/93jb02581) has been used extensively in recent years to model induced seismicity in fluid injection settings. In this study, we highlight its major assumptions and examine how they may bias the interpretations of inferred model parameters when applied to induced seismicity observed in real reservoirs. We do so by comparing the model to numerical simulations of induced earthquakes in a discrete fault network (DFN). The seismicity patterns show significant differences between the DFN and Dietrich model. In particular, DFN simulations show the development of a backfront during the injection due to the exhaustion of available nucleation sources and a shut-off of near-well seismicity due to aseismic slip at high pore pressure. When matched to the DFN catalogs, both the background seismicity rate parameter, Rb, and the direct effect rate-and-state friction parameter, a, of the Dieterich model both significantly underestimate the same parameters of the DFN. We recall the seismicity induced by the 1993 stimulation of the GPK1 injection well in Soultz-Sous-For e ˆ $\widehat{\mathrm{e}}$ ts for evidence of co-injection backfronts and aseismic slip among small faults. We do not discount the use of the Dieterich model—they successfully reproduce seismicity simulated from a wide range of initial conditions and fault network conditions—but emphasize that interpretations of inferred parameters must take into account finite size effects that are neglected by the model's original assumptions.

Abstract Image

具有速率-状态摩擦的离散断层网络中流体注入对地震活动性的有限尺寸效应
J. Dieterich (1994, https://doi.org/10.1029/93jb02581)的地震活动性速率模型近年来被广泛用于模拟流体注入环境中的诱发地震活动性。在这项研究中,我们强调了它的主要假设,并研究了它们如何在应用于实际储层观测到的诱发地震活动时对推断模型参数的解释产生偏差。我们通过将模型与离散断层网(DFN)中诱发地震的数值模拟进行比较来做到这一点。DFN模型与Dietrich模型的地震活动性模式存在显著差异。特别是,DFN模拟显示,在注入过程中,由于可用成核源耗尽,以及由于高孔隙压力下的地震滑动而关闭的近井地震活跃性,导致了后前缘的发展。当与DFN目录相匹配时,Dieterich模型的背景地震活动率参数Rb和直接影响率-状态摩擦参数a都显著低估了DFN的相同参数。我们回顾了1993年soutz - sous - for e {\ widehat{\mathrm{e}}$ ts地区GPK1注入井的刺激引起的地震活动,以证明小断层之间存在共同注入后坡和地震滑动。我们并不低估Dieterich模型的使用——他们成功地从广泛的初始条件和断层网络条件中模拟出了地震活动性——但我们强调,对推断参数的解释必须考虑到模型原始假设所忽略的有限尺寸效应。
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来源期刊
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth Earth and Planetary Sciences-Geophysics
CiteScore
7.50
自引率
15.40%
发文量
559
期刊介绍: The Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth serves as the premier publication for the breadth of solid Earth geophysics including (in alphabetical order): electromagnetic methods; exploration geophysics; geodesy and gravity; geodynamics, rheology, and plate kinematics; geomagnetism and paleomagnetism; hydrogeophysics; Instruments, techniques, and models; solid Earth interactions with the cryosphere, atmosphere, oceans, and climate; marine geology and geophysics; natural and anthropogenic hazards; near surface geophysics; petrology, geochemistry, and mineralogy; planet Earth physics and chemistry; rock mechanics and deformation; seismology; tectonophysics; and volcanology. JGR: Solid Earth has long distinguished itself as the venue for publication of Research Articles backed solidly by data and as well as presenting theoretical and numerical developments with broad applications. Research Articles published in JGR: Solid Earth have had long-term impacts in their fields. JGR: Solid Earth provides a venue for special issues and special themes based on conferences, workshops, and community initiatives. JGR: Solid Earth also publishes Commentaries on research and emerging trends in the field; these are commissioned by the editors, and suggestion are welcome.
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