Unravelling the roadblocks and pathways to adolescents' physical activity.

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected adolescents' opportunities for physical activity in many countries.

Aim: To explore experiences and opportunities for physical activity among Swedish adolescents with different backgrounds, considering both the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and broader influencing factors during and after this period.

Methods: Data was collected through focus group interviews (n = 13) with 86 students and analysed using content analysis.

Results: Although many adolescents managed to remain physically active during the COVID-19 pandemic, socioeconomic differences affected opportunities for participation in organized sports and activities, as well as perceptions of community safety. Findings also highlighted the important role of schools and the influence of gender and performance norms on physical activity, as well as young girls' desire for "safe spaces" to focus on their training and development.

Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted routines, prompting adaptations and exposing various barriers. Social belonging, socioeconomic background, and prevailing norms significantly influenced activity levels, while the balance between independence and safety emerged as a key factor. Moving forward, we recommend investing in community safety, youth sports, and supportive school policies that challenge gender and performance norms, particularly in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas.